NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2022443

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 9

Issue (3) : 386-395 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022443

REVIEW

NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Xueqiang ZHU^1,², Peng ZHOU^1,², Peng MIAO^1,², Haoying WANG^1,², Xinlu BAI^1,², Zhujun CHEN^1,², Jianbin ZHOU^1,²(

)

¹. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
². Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangling 712100, China

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Abstract

● Excessive application of N fertilizers in orchards and vegetable fields (OVFs) in China is particularly common.

● Long-term excessive application of N fertilizers has made OVFs hotspots for N surplus and loss in China.

● Nitrate accumulation in the soil profile is the main fate of N fertilizers in OVF systems.

● Reducing the N surplus is the most effective way to reduce N loss and increase NUE.

China is the largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Although the annual planting areas of orchards and vegetable fields (OVF) account for 20% of total croplands, they consume more than 30% of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers in China and have become hotspots of reactive N emissions. Excess N fertilization has not only reduced the N use efficiency (NUE) and quality of grown fruits and vegetables but has also led to soil acidification, biodiversity loss and climate change. Studies using ¹⁵N labeling analysis showed that the recovery rate of N fertilizer in OVFs was only 16.6%, and a high proportion of fertilizer N resided in soils (48.3%) or was lost to the environment (35.1%). Nitrate accumulation in the soil of OVFs is the main fate of N fertilizer in northern China, which threatens groundwater quality, while leaching and denitrification are the important N fates of N fertilizer in southern China. Therefore, taking different measures to reduce N loss and increase NUE based on the main pathways of N loss in the various regions is urgent, including rational N fertilization, substituting mineral N fertilizers with organic fertilizers, fertigation, and adding mineral N fertilizers with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors.

Keywords nitrogen fate nitrogen fertilizer orchards vegetable fields

Corresponding Author(s): Jianbin ZHOU

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Just Accepted Date: 08 April 2022 Online First Date: 29 April 2022 Issue Date: 09 September 2022

Cite this article:

Xueqiang ZHU,Peng ZHOU,Peng MIAO, et al. NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(3): 386-395.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2022443
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2022/V9/I3/386

Fig.1 The percentages of the areas of orchards and vegetable fields to the total planting areas, the use of mineral N fertilizers (a) from 1978 to 2019, and the percentage of N fertilizers used in different crop systems in 2014 (b) in China.

Tab.1 Fate of N fertilizer in orchards and vegetable fields during the current season (¹⁵N labeling method)

Fig.2 Schematic of the main loss pathways of N in orchards and vegetable fields and the potential effect on groundwater quality in the different climatic zones. Left panel: soil has a deeper vadose zone and the evapotranspiration (EP) is higher than precipitation and irrigation (P + I), so nitrate mainly accumulates in the upper soil profile. Middle panel: soil has a deep vadose zone, and the EP is nearly equal to P + I, so nitrate accumulated in the soil profile has been leached into groundwater. Right panel: soil has a shallow vadose zone and the EP is lower than P + I, so N leaching and denitrification is the important fate of N loss.

Fig.3 Practices to reduce N loss and increase NUE for orchard-vegetable systems. MF and OF represent mineral N fertilizer and organic N fertilizer, respectively.

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[1]	Fen ZHANG, Xiaopeng GAO, Junjie WANG, Fabo LIU, Xiao MA, Hailin CAO, Xinping CHEN, Xiaozhong WANG. SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(3): 373-385.

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