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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 2 Issue (3) : 195-204    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2015063
REVIEW
Progress in NMR-based metabolomics of Catharanthus roseus
Qifang PAN,Jingya ZHAO,Yuliang WANG,Kexuan TANG()
Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Abstract

Metabolomics has been rapidly developed as an important field in plant sciences and natural products chemistry. As the only natural source for a diversity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), especially the low-abundance antitumor agents vinblastine and vincristine, Catharanthus roseus is highly valued and has been studied extensively as a model for medicinal plants improvement. Due to multistep enzymatic biosynthesis and complex regulation, genetic modification in the MIA pathway has resulted in complicated changes of both secondary and primary metabolism in C. roseus, affecting not only the MIA pathway but also other pathways. Research at the metabolic level is necessary to increase knowledge on the genetic regulation of the whole metabolic network connected to MIA biosynthesis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a very suitable and powerful complementary technique for the identification and quantification of metabolites in the plant matrix. NMR-based metabolomics has been used in studies of C. roseus for pathway elucidation, understanding stress responses, classification among different cultivars, safety and quality controls of transgenic plants, cross talk between pathways, and diversion of carbon fluxes, with the aim of fully unravelling MIA biosynthesis, its regulation and the function of the alkaloids in the plant from a systems biology point of view.
Keywords Catharanthus roseus      monoterpenoid indole alkaloids      NMR      metabolomics     
Corresponding Author(s): Kexuan TANG   
Just Accepted Date: 22 July 2015   Online First Date: 13 August 2015    Issue Date: 10 November 2015
 Cite this article:   
Qifang PAN,Jingya ZHAO,Yuliang WANG, et al. Progress in NMR-based metabolomics of Catharanthus roseus[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2015, 2(3): 195-204.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2015063
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2015/V2/I3/195
Materials Identified metabolites NMR application Publication
Stem Syringetin-3-O-robinobioside 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR [6]
Leaf Glutamates, glucose, polyphenols, succinic acid, sucrose, chlorogenic acid, loganic acid, secologanin, and vindoline 1H-NMR, J-resolved, COSY, HMBC [7]
Hairy root Lysine, proline, tyrosine, hydroxyacetone, levulinic acid HSQC, TOCSY [8]
Flower Anthocyanindin-1-galactose, anthocyanindin-1-rhamnose, anthocyanindin-2-galactose, anthocyanindin-2-rhamnose 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR [9]
Root Flavonoid glucosides 13C-NMR, COSY, HETCOR, HSQC [10]
Calli Valine, lactic, threonine, alanine, arginine, acetic acid, glutamic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, asparagine, 2-oxoglutaric acid, choline, oxalacetic acid, sucrose, lactose, glucose, fumaric acid, phenylalanine, tryptophan, formic acid 1H-NMR [11]
Cell cultures Leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glucose, sucrose, fumaric acid, phenylalanine, salicylic acid, gentisic acid glucoside (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid glucoside) 1H-NMR, J-resolved, COSY [12]
Cell cultures Salicylic acid, 2,3-DHBA 13C-NMR, HSQC [13]
Flower, leaf, stem,root Isoleucine, leucine, valine, threonine, alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, asparic acid, asparagine, serine, 2,3-butanediol, quinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, ketoglutaric acid, succinic acid, oxalacetic acid, fumaric acid, sucrose, α-glucose, β-glucose, choline, chlorogenic acid, 2,3-DHBA, quercetin analogs, kaemferol analogs, loganic acid, secologanin, catharanthine, vindoline, vindolinine, 4-O-caffeoyl quinic acid 1H-NMR, J-resolved, COSY [14,15]
Tab.1  Different types of NMR applied to identification of metabolites in Catharanthus roseus
Fig.1  Scheme of NMR-based metabolomics analysis in Catharanthus roseus
Fig.2  1H-NMR spectra of extracts of different organs of Catharanthus roseus with the assigned metabolites.1, root; 2, stem; 3, lower leaf; 4, upper leaf; 5, flower. (a) Alphatic amino acids in the range of δ 0.5−3.1; (b) aromatic metabolites in the range of δ 6.0−8.5.
Fig.3  1H-NMR investigation and multivariate data analysis of different organs in C. roseus. (a) PLS-DA score plot, in which blue color represents root, green color represents stem, red color represents old leaf, orange color represents young leaf, and black color represents flower; (b) PLS-DA loading plot.
Fig.4  13C dimension of HSQC spectra of amino acids (δ 10×10–6–55×10–6) in different organs (a) and 2-D [13C, 1H] HSQC spectrum displaying amino acid resonances in leaves (b) of Catharanthus roseus after feeding [1-13C] glucose. (a) L, labeled samples; N, non-labeled samples; M, malate; C2/3/4, the position of carbon in metabolites; (b) A, alanine; D, aspartate; E, glutamate; T, threonine; N, asparagine; Q, glutamine; R, arginine; LA, loganic acid; MA, malate; VI, vindoline; MeOH, methanol.
Fig.5  Schematic effects of ORCA3, or G10H, overexpression on the metabolism of Catharanthus roseus plants based on NMR spectrum. Green box shows ORCA3 overexpression (the OR lines) and pink box is for G10H and ORCA3 co-overexpression (the GO lines). The up arrow in the box represents the increase of metabolite content. The down arrow in the box represents the decrease of metabolite content. Arrows with star in the box represent significant difference (P<0.05 by ANOVA) of metabolite content compared with the controls[15].
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