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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

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Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (4) : 673-687    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1800-9
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Preparation of adsorptive nanoporous membrane using powder activated carbon: Isotherm and thermodynamic studies
Majid Peyravi()
Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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Abstract

Adsorptive polyethesulfone (PES) membranes were prepared by intercalation of powder activated carbon (PAC) with and without functionalization. Accordingly, PAC was aminated with 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane, and the physicochemical properties of the functionalized PAC were analyzed. Intercalation of PAC within the PES scaffold changed the porosity and mean pore size of the aminated membrane (AC-NH2) from 52.6% to 92.5% and from 22.6 nm to 3.5 nm, respectively. The effect of temperature on the performance of the modified membranes was monitored by the flux and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of leachate. At ambient temperature, the COD removal of the neat, AC-containing, and AC-NH2 membranes was 47%, 52%, and 58.5%, respectively. A similar increment was obtained for the membrane flux, which was due to the synergistic effect of the high porosity and large number of hydrophilic functional groups. The experimental leachate adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherm models. For all membranes, the significant thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) were calculated and compared. The isosteric heat of adsorption was lower than 80 kJ∙mol−1, indicating that the interaction between the membranes and the leachate is mainly physical, involving weak van der Waals forces.
Keywords amine functionality      nanoporous membrane      adsorption isotherm      thermodynamic parameters      landfill leachate     
Corresponding Author(s): Majid Peyravi   
Online First Date: 16 April 2019    Issue Date: 22 May 2020
 Cite this article:   
Majid Peyravi. Preparation of adsorptive nanoporous membrane using powder activated carbon: Isotherm and thermodynamic studies[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 673-687.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-019-1800-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/673
Parameter Concentration
pH 7.6–8
BOD /(mg·L−1) 910
COD /(mg·L−1) 5420
N-NH3 /(mg·L−1) 430
Total phosphorus /(mg·L−1) 818
TOC /(mg·L−1) 2800
Tab.1  Physicochemical characteristics of Sari landfill leachatea)
Fig.1  Functionalization mechanism of AC by 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane
Fig.2  FTIR spectra of AC (a), AC-COOH (b), and AC-NH2 (c)
Fig.3  SEM image of AC-NH2
Fig.4  FTIR spectra of neat and modified membranes
Membrane Viscosity /Cp Roughness From AFM nanosurf software
Sa /nm Sq /nm Sz /nm rave /nm Surface porosity /%
Neat 216.5 24.98 29.28 122.23 78±1 42.5±0.5
M-AC 286.3 11.04 13.92 88.55 33±1 64±0.5
M-AC-NH2 276.9 7.27 8.93 47.35 17±1 73.5±0.5
Tab.2  Effect of PAC on the surface roughness, porosity, and mean pore size of the MMM membranes
Fig.5  Three-dimensional surface AFM images of the neat and modified membranes
Fig.6  Surface and cross-sectional SEM images of neat and modified membranes under high magnification
Fig.7  The two-dimensional AFM images and pore size distribution of the neat and modified membranes
Fig.8  Flux and COD removal of neat and modified membranes at 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K
Fig.9  FTIR spectra of M-AC-NH2 membrane, before and after leachate adsorption
Fig.10  Effect of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity of M-AC-NH2 membrane
Fig.11  Linear plots of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models of membranes
Membrane Temperature /K Langmuir Freundlich Dubinin–Radushkevich
b×105 qm /(mmol·g?1) R2 K 1/n R2 qs B E /(kJ·mol?1) R2
Neat 298 4.81 125 0.995 0.016 0.861 0.995 25.84 0.710 0.839 0.981
308 5.23 132 0.972 0.018 0.862 0.973 30.94 0.761 0.811 0.939
318 5.92 145 0.965 0.029 0.825 0.969 40.57 0.871 0.758 0.938
M-AC 298 4.88 145 0.971 0.019 0.856 0.970 28.67 0.626 0.894 0.988
308 5.15 156 0.981 0.023 0.857 0.982 34.85 0.699 0.846 0.979
318 5.64 175 0.983 0.036 0.821 0.984 44.57 0.739 0.823 0.994
M-AC-NH2 298 5.48 158 0.988 0.023 0.857 0.987 34.74 0.610 0.905 0.979
308 6.28 161 0.976 0.024 0.868 0.977 37.90 0.516 0.984 0.931
318 6.40 200 0.992 0.045 0.820 0.993 54.05 0.668 0.865 0.978
Tab.3  Isotherm constants of leachate adsorption by neat and MMM membranes
Membrane Temperature /K ?G0 /(kJ·mol−1) ?S0 /(J·mol−1·K−1) ?H0 /(kJ·mol−1)
Neat 298 ?0.353 45.1 13.11
308 ?0.776
318 ?1.256
M-AC 298 ?1.029 38.5 10.44
308 ?1.377
318 ?1.798
M-AC-NH2 298 ?0.467 53.8 15.48
308 ?1.227
318 ?1.542
Tab.4  Thermodynamic parameters for leachate adsorption onto prepared membranes
Fig.12  Variation in the isosteric heat of adsorption with the amount of leachate adsorbed
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