Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices from the perspective of target applications

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-1939-4

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (1) : 18-34 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1939-4

REVIEW ARTICLE

Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices from the perspective of target applications

Wenjie Sun¹, Jiale Mao¹, Shuang Wang¹, Lei Zhang^1,²(

), Yonghong Cheng¹(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
². School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China

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Abstract

Polymer-based dielectric capacitors are widely-used energy storage devices. However, although the functions of dielectrics in applications like high-voltage direct current transmission projects, distributed energy systems, high-power pulse systems and new energy electric vehicles are similar, their requirements can be quite different. Low electric loss is a critical prerequisite for capacitors for electric grids, while high-temperature stability is an essential pre-requirement for those in electric vehicles. This paper reviews recent advances in this area, and categorizes dielectrics in terms of their foremost properties related to their target applications. Requirements for polymer-based dielectrics in various power electronic equipment are emphasized, including high energy storage density, low dissipation, high working temperature and fast-response time. This paper considers innovations including chemical structure modification, composite fabrication and structure re-design, and the enhancements to material performances achieved. The advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed.

Keywords dielectric capacitors polymer-based dielectrics energy density dielectric loss working temperature frequency response

Corresponding Author(s): Lei Zhang,Yonghong Cheng

Just Accepted Date: 11 May 2020 Online First Date: 30 June 2020 Issue Date: 12 January 2021

Cite this article:

Wenjie Sun,Jiale Mao,Shuang Wang, et al. Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices from the perspective of target applications[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 18-34.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1939-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I1/18

Fig.1 Application of dielectric capacitors in various fields, including HVDC projects, distributed energy networks, new energy vehicles, laser weapons and pulse power systems.

Fig.2 Different types of polarization of frequency in polymers, adapted from [²¹]. NB ε' denotes dielectric constant and ε?? denotes dielectric loss.

Fig.3 Schematic illustrations of the three typical D-E curves. The black line and the red line show the charge and discharge pathway, respectively. The blue area and grey area represent charging energy density and loss energy density, respectively. E_b is the breakdown field strength of dielectrics materials.

Tab.1 Structural formula of PVDF-based polymers, binary copolymers and ternary copolymers

Fig.4 Chemical structures of the pristine polymers before and after modification.

Tab.2 Volume fractions of some typical ceramic fillers for improving the dielectric constant of composites, and the dielectric constants of the composites

Fig.5 Schematics of (a) Tanaka’s model and (b) Lewis’s model.

Fig.6 Schematic representation of the process of synthesizing polyaniline-coated coupling agent functionalized iron powder PANI-CIP core-shell composite (A); TEM images of PANI-CIP (B). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [⁷¹]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the HVDC transmission project, including AC-DC converter station, DC transmission line and DC-AC converter station.

Fig.8 Breakdown strength and energy storage density of polymer-based dielectrics prepared via different methods. The grey icons indicate methods of improving breakdown field strength by adding filler without modification; the blue icons represent methods involving addition of modified filler; and, red icons indicate methods of constructing multi-layered structures.

Fig.9 Weibull distribution of breakdown strength for (a) c-PVDF/BTs, and (b) PVDF/PDA@BTs with different particle compositions at room temperature. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [⁸²]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.

Tab.3 Previous research results on improving breakdown strength through by layer-structure design

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of new energy electric vehicles’ energy conversion.

Fig.11 Common polymer dielectrics and their thermal endurance indices.

Tab.4 Physical properties of polymers with high temperature stability

Fig.12 Methods for improving the energy storage density of PI.

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of Marx pulse bank and nanosecond pulse waveform.

Tab.5 Methods and future application areas of polymer-based energy storage materials (with particular emphasis on different performances and properties)

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