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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

Postal Subscription Code 80-969

2018 Impact Factor: 2.809

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (4) : 969-983    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1988-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Exceptionally flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam composites: synergistic effect of the silicone resin/graphene oxide coating
Qian Wu1, Jincheng Zhang1, Shengpeng Wang3, Bajin Chen3, Yijun Feng3, Yongbing Pei1,2(), Yue Yan1, Longcheng Tang1, Huayu Qiu1,2, Lianbin Wu1,2()
1. Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province for Manufacturing of Fluorine Silicon Fine Chemicals and Materials, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
3. Transfar Zhilian Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China
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Abstract

A facile strategy was developed to fabricate flexible polyurethane (PU) foam composites with exceptional flame retardancy. The approach involves the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into a silicone resin (SiR) solution, which is then deposited onto a PU foam surface via the dip-coating technique and cured. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the SiR and GO were successfully coated onto the PU skeleton and the intrinsic porous structure of the PU foam remained intact. The effects of SiR and GO on the mechanical and thermal stability and flame retardancy of PU composites were evaluated through compression tests, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical combustion tests, and the limiting oxygen index. The measurement results revealed that the composites (PU@SiR-GO) showed superior flame retardancy and thermal and mechanical stability compared to pristine PU or PU coated with SiR alone. The mechanical and thermal stability and the flame-retardant properties of the PU composites were enhanced significantly with increasing GO content. Based on the composition, microstructure, and surface morphology of PU@SiR-GO composites before and after combustion tests, a possible flame-retardance mechanism is proposed. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for fabricating flame-retardant composites with improved mechanical performance.

Keywords flame retardancy      flexible polyurethane foam      graphene oxide      silicone resin     
Corresponding Author(s): Yongbing Pei,Lianbin Wu   
Online First Date: 16 December 2020    Issue Date: 04 June 2021
 Cite this article:   
Qian Wu,Jincheng Zhang,Shengpeng Wang, et al. Exceptionally flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam composites: synergistic effect of the silicone resin/graphene oxide coating[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 969-983.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1988-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I4/969
Fig.1  (a) Preparation process of PU@SiR-GO foam composites. Digital and SEM images of (b) pristine PU, (c) PU@SiR, (d) PU@SiR-GO 0.25%, (e) PU@SiR-GO 0.50%, and (f) PU@SiR-GO 1.00%.
Fig.2  The compressive stress-strain curves of (a) pristine PU, (b) PU@SiR, (c) PU@SiR-GO 0.25%, (d) PU@SiR-GO 0.50%, and (e) PU@SiR-GO 1.00% during ten loading-unloading cycles of compressive stress at 80% strain; (f) the maximum compressive stress of pristine PU and PU composites.
Fig.3  (a) TGA and (b) DTG curves of pristine PU foam and PU foam composites.
Specimen T5%/°C Rmax /(%?min-1) Tmax/°C Residue/%
PU 253 -1.575 378 15.75
PU@SiR 272 -0.293 405 46.02
PU@SiR-GO 0.25% 276 -0.243 456 51.28
PU@SiR-GO 0.50% 280 -0.224 462 55.01
PU@SiR-GO 1.00% 287 -0.213 467 59.19
Tab.1  The detailed data of PU and PU composites
Fig.4  Vertical combustion tests of (a) pristine PU, (b) PU@SiR, (c) PU@SiR-GO 0.25%, (d) PU@SiR-GO 0.50%, and (e) PU@SiR-GO 1.00%.
Fig.5  (a) HRR, (b) THR, (c) TSR, and (d) mass loss curves of pristine PU foam and PU foam composites.
Fig.6  Residues after conical calorimeter testing of (a) pristine PU, (b) PU@SiR, (c) PU@SiR-GO 0.25%, (d) PU@SiR-GO 0.50%, and (e) PU@SiR-GO 1.00%; (f) LOI of pristine PU and PU composites.
Fig.7  (a) FTIR curves of PU-SiR-GO 1.00% after the combustion test at the outer and inner zones; (b) cross-sectional photo of PU-SiR-GO 1.00% after the combustion test; (c) Raman curves of PU@SiR-GO 1.00% after the combustion test at the outer and inner zones. SEM image of PU@SiR-GO 1.00% at (d) the sectional edge and with EDS after the combustion test at the (e) silica layer, (f) inflated layer, and (g) SiR-GO layer. (h) Schematic illustration of the combustion process of PU@SiR-GO 1.00%.
PU@Si-GO 1.00% C/% O/% Si/%
wt atom wt atom wt atom
Outside layer after combustion 3.32 5.43 56.92 63.93 39.76 30.64
Inflated layer after combustion 29.14 28.44 47.29 56.92 32.19 24.27
Inside layer after combustion 47.31 53.08 27.55 26.27 25.14 20.65
Outside layer before combustion 47.65 53.26 28.06 26.35 25.29 21.45
Tab.2  Elemental analysis of PU@SiR-GO 1.00% at outside, inflated, and inside layer regions before and after the combustion test
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