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Frontiers of Earth Science

ISSN 2095-0195

ISSN 2095-0209(Online)

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Front. Earth Sci.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (2) : 319-329    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-014-0454-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessing the impact of urbanization on net primary productivity using multi-scale remote sensing data: a case study of Xuzhou, China
Kun TAN1,Songyang ZHOU1,Erzhu LI1,Peijun DU2,*()
1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221006, China
2. Key Laboratory for Satellite Surveying Technology and Applications of National Administration of Surveying and Geoinformation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Abstract

An improved Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model based on two kinds of remote sensing (RS) data, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and climate variables were applied to estimate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of Xuzhou in June of each year from 2001 to 2010. The NPP of the study area decreased as the spatial scale increased. The average NPP of terrestrial vegetation in Xuzhou showed a decreasing trend in recent years, likely due to changes in climate and environment. The study area was divided into four sub-regions, designated as highest, moderately high, moderately low, and lowest in NPP. The area designated as the lowest sub-region in NPP increased with expanding scale, indicating that the NPP distribution varied with different spatial scales. The NPP of different vegetation types was also significantly influenced by scale. In particular, the NPP of urban woodland produced lower estimates because of mixed pixels. Similar trends in NPP were observed with different RS data. In addition, expansion of residential areas and reduction of vegetated areas were the major reasons for NPP change. Land cover changes in urban areas reduced NPP, which could chiefly be attributed to human-induced disturbance.
Keywords multi-scale remote sensing      net primary productivity      improved Carnegie Ames Stanford approach model      urbanization     
Corresponding Author(s): Peijun DU   
Online First Date: 05 September 2014    Issue Date: 30 April 2015
 Cite this article:   
Kun TAN,Songyang ZHOU,Erzhu LI, et al. Assessing the impact of urbanization on net primary productivity using multi-scale remote sensing data: a case study of Xuzhou, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2015, 9(2): 319-329.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-014-0454-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/319
Fig.1  Location of Xuzhou urban area, as seen from Landsat ETM+ band 3 image on October 1st, 2002.
Fig.2  Framework of CASA model.
MODIS ETM+
FPAR ? NPP/(gC·m?2·month?1) FPAR ? NPP/(gC·m?2·month?1)
2001 0.51 0.42 51.54 0.74 0.42 74.00
2002 0.52 0.40 57.91 0.82 0.41 88.36
2003 0.46 0.46 56.62 0.58 0.47 80.30
2004 0.52 0.40 54.37 0.59 0.40 63.18
2005 0.44 0.44 56.23 0.54 0.42 67.41
2006 0.50 0.47 63.94 0.51 0.47 64.12
2007 0.51 0.47 63.06 0.55 0.46 60.70
2008 0.46 0.43 41.95 0.63 0.43 57.77
2009 0.49 0.40 55.66 0.61 0.41 69.43
2010 0.41 0.37 42.63 0.52 0.37 53.02
Tab.1  Comparison of NPP parameters and NPP among different years
Fig.3  Mean NPP of different spatial scales during different years (UNIT: gC·m?2·month?1).
Fig.4  NPP distribution in Xuzhou from 2001 to 2010 using ETM+.
Fig.5  NPP distribution in Xuzhou City from 2001 to 2010 using MODIS.
NPP levels MODIS ETM+
lowest low high highest lowest low high highest
2001 17.69 52.50 84.13 108.69 19.00 52.31 82.94 107.21
2002 16.93 53.14 84.91 114.64 17.29 55.64 87.02 114.72
2003 17.36 52.12 85.03 119.53 14.79 54.72 85.68 118.37
2004 17.55 52.84 83.42 109.91 15.27 54.36 87.20 109.35
2005 17.15 51.52 86.32 124.69 14.82 55.92 85.28 122.97
2006 15.32 53.22 87.28 119.61 16.79 52.98 85.67 119.30
2007 14.97 54.47 85.27 112.58 16.12 54.27 85.07 113.63
2008 15.97 48.99 79.11 100.86 16.54 49.23 79.57 100.67
2009 17.10 52.46 84.86 115.87 13.11 54.24 88.47 113.75
2010 18.98 49.59 82.45 111.63 15.75 55.33 79.45 111.27
Tab.2  Comparison of NPP levels in different years atdifferent scales (unit: gC·m?2·month?1)
Fig.6  Mean comparison of NPP levels in different years at different scales (UNIT: gC·m?2·month?1).
NPP levels MODIS ETM+
lowest low high highest lowest low high highest
2001 28.05 44.61 23.61 3.73 30.81 37.26 27.11 4.81
2002 22.39 39.42 28.16 10.03 15.10 22.47 40.44 21.99
2003 28.58 38.53 23.37 9.51 19.75 28.98 36.08 15.19
2004 21.12 48.38 25.68 4.80 20.73 28.81 39.06 11.40
2005 28.71 36.98 23.34 10.97 16.36 30.82 40.58 12.25
2006 24.46 27.08 32.08 16.38 20.12 33.95 29.94 15.99
2007 18.24 38.61 33.97 9.18 25.99 30.52 33.14 10.35
2008 38.50 40.15 20.39 0.96 35.46 39.48 23.68 1.38
2009 28.30 37.20 26.91 7.58 25.71 32.40 33.26 8.63
2010 33.14 49.90 12.78 4.18 21.69 49.10 26.08 3.13
Tab.3  Area percentage of NPP levels in different years at different scales (unit: %)
Year GDP/100 million RMB Population/10 thousand Forest coverage/%
2001 681.49 901.86 23.5
2002 749.34 904.44 24
2003 852.26 908.66 25.5
2004 1031.12 916.85 25.5
2005 1226.65 925.31 25.0
2006 1464.74 934.73 25.5
2007 1747.87 940.95 26.6
2008 2118.84 946.86 27.7
2009 2390.16 957.61 28.7
2010 2942.14 972.89 30.9
Tab.4  The GDP, population and forest coverage of Xuzhou in different years
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