Black carbon record of the wildfire history of western Sichuan Province in China over the last 12.8 ka

doi:10.1007/s11707-015-0546-z

Front. Earth Sci.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (4) : 634-643 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-015-0546-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Black carbon record of the wildfire history of western Sichuan Province in China over the last 12.8 ka

Weiwei SUN^1,²,Enlou ZHANG¹(

),Ji SHEN¹,Rong CHEN¹,Enfeng LIU¹

¹. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
². University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Abstract

Wildfire is recognized as a critical Earth system process which affects the global carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and ecosystem dynamics. Estimating the potential impact of future climate change on the incidence of fire requires an understanding of the long-term interactions of fire, climate, vegetation, and human activity. Accordingly, we analyzed the black carbon content and the pollen stratigraphy of sediments spanning the past 12.8 ka from Lake Muge Co, an alpine lake in western Sichuan Province, in order to determine the main factors influencing regional fire regimes. The results demonstrate that wildfires occurred frequently and intensively during the late deglaciation and the early Holocene when the regional vegetation was dominated by deciduous forests. Wildfire occurrence decreased significantly during the Holocene climatic optimum between 9.2 and 5.6 cal ka BP. Overall, the wildfire history of western Sichuan Province is similar to that of the Chinese Loess Plateau and of East Asia as a whole, suggesting that regional-scale fires depended mainly on changes in the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon. In addition, the fire regime of western Sichuan Province may have been influenced by the establishment of human settlement and agriculture in western Sichuan Province and the southeastern Tibetan Plateau after about 5.5 cal ka BP, and by an intensification of cereal cultivation coupled with population expansion in southwestern China during the last two millennia.

Keywords black carbon wildfire summer monsoon human activity Holocene Lake Muge Co

Corresponding Author(s): Enlou ZHANG

Just Accepted Date: 04 December 2015 Online First Date: 04 January 2016 Issue Date: 04 November 2016

Cite this article:

Weiwei SUN,Enlou ZHANG,Ji SHEN, et al. Black carbon record of the wildfire history of western Sichuan Province in China over the last 12.8 ka[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2016, 10(4): 634-643.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-015-0546-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2016/V10/I4/634

Fig.1 (a) Location of Muge Co (triangle) and of paleoclimatic and archaeological sites mentioned in the text (circles): 1, Nam Co (Schütt et al., 2010); 2, Zigetang Co (Wu et al., 2007); 3, Chen Co (Zhu et al., 2009); 4, Puru Co (Bird et al., 2014); 5, Site Changdu Karuo (d’Alpoim Guedes, 2013); 6, Lake Qinghai (Shen et al., 2005); 7, Lake Luanhaizi (Herzschuh et al., 2006); 8, Site Yingpanshan (d’Alpoim Guedes, 2013); 9, Hongyuan peat bog (Hong et al., 2003); 10, Jiuzhaigou (Henck et al., 2010); 11, Site Baodun (d’Alpoim Guedes, 2011; d’Alpoim Guedes et al., 2013); 12, Lake Shayema (Jarvis, 1993); 13, Lake Erhai (Shen et al., 2006); 14, Lake Xingyun (Chen et al., 2014a; Wu et al., 2014); 15, Dongge Cave (Dykoski et al., 2005); 16, Site Liangjiayao (Tan et al., 2013). (b) Bathymetry of Muge Co and location of the coring site (triangle).

Tab.1 AMS radiocarbon dates of organic materials from Muge Co. All of the AMS ¹⁴C dates are calibrated to calendar years before present using the IntCal13 calibration dataset (Reimer et al., 2013)

Fig.2 Chronological model and stratigraphic variation of various proxy records from the Muge Co sediment core. (a) Lithology and age-depth model based on calibrated AMS ¹⁴C dates (the disturbed layer was not included in the record- see text for further information); (b) sedimentation rate; (c) BC content (black line) and five-points running average (red line); and (d) pollen percentages of deciduous broad-leaved trees, evergreen broad-leaved trees, and coniferous trees.

Fig.3 Comparison of the BC and pollen records from the Muge Co sediments with other records during the last 13 ka: (a) BC record (black dotted line) and five-point running average (black line) from Muge Co (this study); (b) micro-charcoal influx at the site of Liangjiayao (Tan et al., 2013); (c) the East Asian average anomalies for the Z scores of charcoal values (Power et al., 2008); (d) speleothem d¹⁸O record from Dongge Cave in southern China (Dykoski et al., 2005); (e) deciduous broad-leaved tree pollen percentages from Muge Co (this study); (f) estimated changes in the cultivated area in China during the Holocene (Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011).

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