Influence of sedimentation and diagenesis on reservoir physical properties: a case study of the Funing Formation, Subei Basin, eastern China

doi:10.1007/s11707-020-0836-y

Front. Earth Sci.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (4) : 892-908 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-020-0836-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Influence of sedimentation and diagenesis on reservoir physical properties: a case study of the Funing Formation, Subei Basin, eastern China

Jinkai WANG^1,²(

), Yuxiang FU¹, Zhaoxun YAN^1,³, Jialin FU¹, Jun XIE^1,², Kaikai LI⁴, Yongfu ZHAO⁴

¹. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
². Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
³. The Fourth Gas Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Branch, PetroChina, Xi’an 710021, China
⁴. Management Centre of Oil and Gas Exploration, Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying 257000, China

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Abstract

The sandstone of the third member of the Funing Formation (E₁f₃) in the northern slope zone of the Gaoyou Sag has the typical characteristics of high porosity and ultralow permeability, which makes it difficult for oil to flow. In this study, the lithological characteristics, sedimentary facies, diagenetic characteristics, pore structure, and seepage ability of this sandstone are characterized in detail. Correlation analysis is used to reveal the reason for the sandstone high porosity-low permeability phenomenon in the study area. The results indicate that this phenomenon is controlled mainly by the following three factors: 1) the sedimentary environment is the initial affecting factor, whereby the deposition of a large number of fine-grained materials reduces the primary pores of sandstone. 2) The Funing Formation has undergone strong compaction and cementation, which have led to the removal of most of the primary pores and a reduction in size of the throat channels. 3) Owing to fluid activity during the later stage of diagenesis, sandstone underwent intense dissolution and a large number of particles (feldspar and lithic debris) formed many dissolution pores (accounting for nearly 60% of the total pore space). Among these factors, dissolution has contributed the most to the development of high porosity-low permeability phenomenon. This is mainly attributed to the inhomogeneous dissolution process, whereby the degree of particle dissolution (e.g. feldspar) exceeds that of cementing minerals (clay and carbonate minerals). The secondary dissolution pores have increased the porosity of sandstone in the study area; however, the pore connectivity (permeability) has not been significantly improved, thus resulting in the special high porosity-low permeability characteristics of this sandstone.

Keywords Gaoyou Depression constant-rate mercury injection porosity anomaly diagenesis sedimentary microfacies

Corresponding Author(s): Jinkai WANG

Online First Date: 24 March 2021 Issue Date: 20 January 2022

Cite this article:

Jinkai WANG,Yuxiang FU,Zhaoxun YAN, et al. Influence of sedimentation and diagenesis on reservoir physical properties: a case study of the Funing Formation, Subei Basin, eastern China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2021, 15(4): 892-908.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-020-0836-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2021/V15/I4/892

Fig.1 Location map of the study area.

Fig.2 Schematic of the research ideas and process.

Fig.3 Lithological statistics and characteristics of a sedimentary core from the study area.

Fig.4 Single-well facies of H17-27.

Tab.1 Physical parameters of the sandstone samples

Fig.5 Types and characteristics of pores and throats. (a): Hx28, 3260.37 m (general); (b): Hx17, 2910.65 m (good); (c): H26-5, 2915.43 m (very good); (d): Hx38, 2725.45 m (poor); (f): throat characteristics and statistics of sandstone.

Fig.6 Quantitative statistics for the constant-rate mercury injection experiment data.

Fig.7 Physical parameter correlations of sandstones from different reservoirs.

Fig.8 Effect of reservoir diagenetic events on porosity.

Fig.9 Porosity variation rate with depth for different types of sandstone.

Fig.10 Variation in clay mineral contents with depth.

Fig.11 Relationship between physical properties and cement content. (a) relationship between porosity and cement content; (b) relationship between permeability and cement content; (c) relationship between minus-cement porosity and pore loss due to carbonate cementation; (d) relationship between minus-cement porosity and pore loss due to carbonate cementation.

Fig.12 Dissolution phenomena in sandstone. (a) feldspar observed by a monopolar microscope; (b) feldspar observed by orthogonal polarizing microscope; (c) feldspar observed by a SEM; (d) calcite observed by a monopolar microscope; (e) calcite observed by an orthogonal polarizing microscope; (f) calcite observed by a SEM; (g) debris observed by a monopolar microscope; (h) debris observed by an orthogonal polarizing microscope; (i) debris observed by a SEM.

Fig.13 Different dissolution types of clastic particles.

Fig.14 Reservoir pore and throat distributions of various samples from the study area.

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