Physical-property cutoffs of tight reservoirs by field and laboratory experiments: a case study from Chang 6, 8–9 in Ordos Basin

doi:10.1007/s11707-020-0851-z

Front. Earth Sci.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (2) : 471-489 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-020-0851-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Physical-property cutoffs of tight reservoirs by field and laboratory experiments: a case study from Chang 6, 8–9 in Ordos Basin

Bingbing SHI¹, Xiangchun CHANG^1,²(

), Zhongquan LIU³, Ye LIU¹, Tianchen GE¹, Pengfei ZHANG¹, Yongrui WANG¹, Yue WANG¹, Lixin MAO^1,⁴

¹. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
². Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
³. Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company of SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China
⁴. Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources, Xuzhou 221006, China

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Abstract

Tight sandstone reservoirs are generally characterized by complex reservoir quality, non-Darcy flow, and strong heterogeneity. Approaches utilized for evaluating physical property cutoffs of conventional reservoirs maybe inapplicable. Thus, a comprehensive investigation on physical property cutoffs of tight sandstone reservoirs is crucial for the reserve evaluation and successful exploration. In this study, a set of evaluation approaches take advantage of field operations (i.e., core drilling, oil testing, and wireline well logging data), and simulation experiments (i.e., high-pressure mercury injection-capillary pressure (MICP) experiment, oil-water relative permeability experiment, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, and biaxial pressure simulation experiment) were comparatively optimized to determine the physical property cutoffs of effective reservoirs in the Upper Triassic Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers of the Zhenjing Block. The results show that the porosity cutoffs of the Chang 6, Chang 8, and Chang 9 oil layers are 7.9%, 6.4%, and 8.6%, and the corresponding permeability are 0.08 mD, 0.05 mD, and 0.09 mD, respectively. Coupled with wireline well logging, mud logging, and oil testing, the cut-off of the thickness of single-layer effective reservoirs are approximately 3.0 m, 3.0 m, and 2.0 m, respectively. Depending on the cutoffs of critical properties, a superimposed map showing the planar distribution of the prospective targets can be mapped, which may delineate the effective boundary of prospective targets for petroleum exploration of tight sandstone reservoirs.

Keywords tight sandstone reservoirs cutoffs of petrophysical property field operations simulation experiments Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

Corresponding Author(s): Xiangchun CHANG

Online First Date: 07 February 2021 Issue Date: 26 October 2021

Cite this article:

Bingbing SHI,Xiangchun CHANG,Zhongquan LIU, et al. Physical-property cutoffs of tight reservoirs by field and laboratory experiments: a case study from Chang 6, 8–9 in Ordos Basin[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2021, 15(2): 471-489.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-020-0851-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2021/V15/I2/471

Fig.1 Map showing the (a) regional location and (b) isoline showing the top of Yanchang Formation of the Zhenjing Block, Ordos Basin.

Fig.2 Comprehensive (a) stratigraphic column and (b) pie chart of abundance of reserves of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers of the Zhenjing Block, Ordos Basin. Notes: T₃y: Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation; J_1-2y: Lower to Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation.

Fig.3 Ternary diagram showing the (a) framework compositions and (b) detrital components of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 tight sandstones in the Zhenjing Block. Notes: Q: quartz; F: feldspar; RF: rock fragments; VRF: volcanic rock fragments; MRF: metamorphic rock fragments; SRF: sedimentary rock fragments.

Fig.4 Experimental apparatus for biaxial pressure simulation experiment. Notes: σ₁: confining pressure; σ₂: axial pressure (modified after Liu et al., 2012a and 2012b).

Fig.5 Schematic diagram showing the difference of petrophysical property between (a–d) conventional reservoir and (e–h) tight sandstone reservoir (Wan et al., 1999; Wei et al., 2005; Jiao et al., 2009).

Fig.6 Stress sensitivity analysis for the Chang 6–9 oil layers in the Zhenjing Block.

Fig.7 Comprehensive determination of the cutoffs of the petrophysical property of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers using field data.

Fig.8 (a) Morphology characteristics of mercury injection curves and (b) the cross-plot of mercury saturation versus normalized “J”-function of Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers in the Zhenjing Block.

Fig.9 Comprehensive determination of the cutoffs of the petrophysical property of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers through simulation experiments. Notes: The green line shown in Figs. 9(a)–9(c) represent the minimum flow pore throat radius; the red line shown in Figs. 9(d)–9(f) represent the cutoff of permeability of effective reservoir.

Fig.10 Cross-plots of differences in critical charging pressure versus burial depth of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 tight sandstones in the Zhenjing Block.

Fig.11 Cross-plots showing daily oil yield versus permeability (a–c) and daily oil yield versus porosity (d–f) of the oil-bearing intervals of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers in the Zhenjing Block. Note: The red line represent the cutoff of permeability and porosity of effective reservoir.

Fig.12 Cross-plots showing single-layer thickness versus results of well testing of the Chang 6, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers in the Zhenjing Block. Note: The dark dotted line represent the cutoff of single-layer thickness of effective reservoir.

Fig.13 (a) Planar distribution map of single-layer thickness>3 m, (b) isoline map of porosity, (c, d) superimposed map showing prospective targets of the Chang 8 oil layer.

Fig.14 Isoline map of the energy-storage coefficient of the Chang 8 oil layer.

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