Removal of steroid hormones from mariculture system using seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera

doi:10.1007/s11783-021-1449-8

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (2) : 15 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1449-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Removal of steroid hormones from mariculture system using seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera

Jian Lu^1,²(

), Cui Zhang¹, Jun Wu³

¹. CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
². Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
³. Yantai Research Institute and Graduate School, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 265501, China

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Abstract

•Steroid hormones could be removed efficiently from mariculture system using seaweed;

• Caulerpa lentillifera was the most efficient seaweed for removal of steroid hormones;

• More than 90% of E₂ or EE₂ were removed within 12 h using Caulerpa lentillifera;

• The removal included the rapid biosorption and the slow bio-accumulation;

•The hormones and nutrients in mariculture wastewater could be simultaneously removed.

The removal of steroid hormones from the mariculture system using seaweeds (Caulerpa lentillifera, Ulva pertusa, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and Codium fragile) was investigated. The results illustrated that both 17β-estradiol (E₂) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂) could be removed by the seaweeds at different levels, and the Caulerpa lentillifera was the most efficient one. More than 90% of E₂ or EE₂ at concentration of 10 μg/L was removed by Caulerpa lentillifera within 12 h. Processes including initial quick biosorption, the following slow accumulation, and biodegradation might explain the removal mechanisms of E₂/EE₂ by Caulerpa lentillifera. E₂/EE₂ removal was positively related to the nutrient level and the initial concentration of steroid hormone. A significant linear relationship for E₂ and EE₂ existed between the initial pollutant concentration and the average removal rate. The highest removal kinetic constant (k) value was obtained at 30°C as 0.34 /h for E₂ and at 20°C as 0.28 /h for EE₂, demonstrating the promising application potential of Caulerpa lentillifera in the water purification of the industrialized mariculture system with relatively high water temperature. Simultaneous and efficient removal of E₂ and EE₂ by Caulerpa lentillifera was still achieved after 3 cycles in the pilot-scale experiment. The steroid hormones and nutrients in mariculture wastewater could also be simultaneously removed using Caulerpa lentillifera. These findings demonstrated that Caulerpa lentillifera was the promising seaweed for the removal of steroid hormones in mariculture systems.

Keywords Phycoremediation Steroid hormones Seaweed Mariculture Caulerpa lentillifera

Corresponding Author(s): Jian Lu

Issue Date: 18 May 2021

Cite this article:

Jian Lu,Cui Zhang,Jun Wu. Removal of steroid hormones from mariculture system using seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(2): 15.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1449-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I2/15

Fig.1 The content variation of 17β-estradiol (E₂, a), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂, b), and chlorophyll content (c) in the presence of different seaweeds.

Fig.2 Evolution of 17β-estradiol (a) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (b) concentrations in different incubation systems. The seaweed referred to C. lentillifera.

Fig.3 The images of the charge-coupled device (CCD) system of 17β-estradiol (a) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (b) distributed in the seaweed collected from non-pollutants control (left) and steroid hormone treatment (Caulerpa lentillifera) (right). The images of bright-field (left), green fluorescence (middle), and combination (right) were shown as insets. The color bar shown in the left represents the arbitrary interaction intensity responding to the individual pseudo-color.

Fig.4 Impact of temperature (a), salinity (b), photoperiod (c), and initial concentration (d) on the removal of 17β-estradiol (E₂) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂) using seaweed C. lentillifera. The different letters on the top of the histogram demonstrate a significant difference (p<0.05) in removal rate constant while the same letter exhibits that removal rate constants of different treatments do not have significant difference (p>0.05).

Fig.5 Evolution of 17β-estradiol (E₂) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂) (a), and nutrient concentration (b) in seawater under different nutrient incubation levels in the presence of C. lentillifera.

Fig.6 The evolution of 17β-estradiol (E₂) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂) in the pilot-scale investigation system in the presence of C. lentillifera.

Fig.7 Variation of water quality parameters during incubation in pilot-scale experiments in the presence of C. lentillifera.

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