Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1651-y

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (4) : 51 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1651-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

Jie Liu^1,², Junjun Ma^1,²(

), Weizhang Zhong^1,², Jianrui Niu^1,²(

), Zaixing Li^1,², Xiaoju Wang^1,², Ge Shen^1,², Chun Liu^1,²(

)

¹. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
². Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China

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Abstract

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue.

● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI.

● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination.

● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed.

Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.

Keywords Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) Hierarchical porous O/N-doped Desalination

Corresponding Author(s): Junjun Ma,Jianrui Niu,Chun Liu

Issue Date: 22 November 2022

Cite this article:

Jie Liu,Junjun Ma,Weizhang Zhong, et al. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(4): 51.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1651-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I4/51

Fig.1 SEM images of PFRBs. (a)–(c) Morphologies of PFRB-600, PFRB-700, and PFRB-800; (d) EDS graphics of PFRB-700.

Tab.1 Comparison of specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size of PFRB at different carbonization temperatures

Fig.2 Nitrogen adsorption–desorption curve (a) and pore size distribution (b).

Tab.2 Element content percentage from XPS

Fig.3 XPS of PFRBs at different carbonization temperatures. (a)–(c) O 1s peaks of PFRB-600, PFRB-700, and PFRB-800, respectively; (d)–(f) N 1s peaks of PFRB-600, PFRB-700, and PFRB-800, respectively.

Fig.4 Influence of electrodes at different carbonization temperatures on the desalination performance of the MCDI system. (a) Change in electrical conductivity of electrodes at different carbonization temperatures with time; (b) SAC of electrodes at different carbonization temperatures; (c) SRR, CE, SEC, and ASAR of electrodes at different carbonization temperatures; (d) Ragone diagram of electrodes at different carbonization temperatures.

Fig.5 Influence of different influent salt concentrations on desalination performance. (a) Change in conductivity of PFRB-700-0.36 with time under different influent salt concentrations; (b) SAC of PFRB-700-0.36 under different influent salt concentrations; (c) SAC, CE, SEC, and ASAR of PFRB-700-0.36 under different influent salt concentrations; (d) Ragone diagram of PFRB-700-0.36 under different influent salt concentrations.

Fig.6 Electrochemical characterization and cyclic stability. (a) CV diagram of electrode sheets at different carbonization temperatures; (b) CV diagrams of PFRB-700 with different masses; (c) EIS diagram of electrode sheets; (d) Cyclic stability of PFRB-700-0.36.

Fig.7 Biotoxicity tests for PFRB-600, PFRB-700, and PFRB-800. (a) Electrode active material; (b) mixture of electrode materials and water; (c) biotoxicity inhibition rates of PFRB-600, PFRB-700, and PFRB-800.

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