Please wait a minute...
Shopping Cart Email List Chinese
Advanced Search Fig/Tab
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Featured Articles  |  Most Downloaded  |  Most Reading
Online Submission Subscribe to Our RSS Content Feed
Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2023, Vol. 17 Issue (6) : 71    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1671-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Facile fabrication of dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite for effective removal of phosphate from complex wastewaters
Huan Xi1, Fanlu Min2(), Zhanhu Yao3, Jianfeng Zhang1()
1. College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3. CCCC First Highway Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
 Download: PDF(5212 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

● Dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite was synthesized for phosphate removal.

● DO/BB exhibited a high phosphate adsorption capacity in complex water environments.

● PVC membrane incorporated with DO/BB can capture low concentration phosphate.

● Electrostatic interaction, complexation and precipitation are main mechanisms.

The removal of phosphate from wastewater using traditional biological or precipitation methods is a huge challenge. The use of high-performance adsorbents has been shown to address this problem. In this study, a novel composite adsorbent, composed of dolomite-doped biochar and bentonite (DO/BB), was first synthesized via co-pyrolysis. The combination of initial phosphate concentration of 100 mg/L and 1.6 g/L of DO/BB exhibited a high phosphate-adsorption capacity of 62 mg/g with a removal efficiency of 99.8%. It was also stable in complex water environments with various levels of solution pH, coexisting anions, high salinity, and humic acid. With this new composite, the phosphate concentration of the actual domestic sewage decreased from 9 mg/L to less than 1 mg/L, and the total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand also decreased effectively. Further, the cross-flow treatment using a PVC membrane loaded with DO/BB (PVC-DO/BB), decreased the phosphate concentration from 1 to 0.08 mg/L, suggesting outstanding separation of phosphate pollutants via a combination of adsorption and separation. In addition, the removal of phosphate by the PVC-DO/BB membrane using NaOH solution as an eluent was almost 90% after 5 cycles. The kinetic, isotherm and XPS analysis before and after adsorption suggested that adsorption via a combination of electrostatic interaction, complexation and precipitation contributed to the excellent separation by the as-obtained membranes.
Keywords Biochar-bentonite composite      Dolomite doping      Phosphate adsorption      Polymeric matrix membrane      Adsorption-filtration dual functions      Low-concentration phosphate     
Corresponding Author(s): Fanlu Min,Jianfeng Zhang   
Issue Date: 22 December 2022
 Cite this article:   
Huan Xi,Fanlu Min,Zhanhu Yao, et al. Facile fabrication of dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite for effective removal of phosphate from complex wastewaters[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(6): 71.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1671-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I6/71
Fig.1  Schematic of the fabrication procedure for the new materials developed in this study (a) DO/BB and (b) PVC-DO/BB membrane.
Fig.2  (a) XRD patterns, (b) FTIR spectra, (c) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and (d) BJH pore size distributions of BB900, DO900 and DO/BB.
Characteristics BB900 DO900 DO/BB
BET specific surface area (m2/g) 213.91 10.33 68.77
Average pore radius (nm) 5.37 12.31 12.24
Total pore volume (cm3/g) 0.053 0.015 0.043
Tab.1  BET specific surface area and pore characteristics of BB900, DO900 and DO/BB
Fig.3  Optical images, cross-sectional and surface SEM images, anti-tensile performances, contact angles, film thicknesses and 2D/3D AFM test images: (a) PVC and (b) PVC-20%DO/BB.
Fig.4  Effects of (a) DO/BB dosage, (b) solution pH, (c) coexisting anions, (d) high salinity and (e) humic acid on phosphate adsorption.
No. Time pH Total phosphorus (mg/L) Phosphate (mg/L) Total nitrogen (mg/L) COD (mg/L)
1 Before treatment 7.58 9.67 9.46 107.21 105.3
After treatment 9.42 0.88 0.77 64.58 66.22
2 Before treatment 7.52 7.70 7.05 106.91 90.3
After treatment 9.64 0.67 0.62 80.00 34.61
Tab.2  Water quality parameters of domestic sewage before and after treatment
Fig.5  (a) Pure water permeabilities and BSA rejection of PVC membranes with different DO/BB doping amount; (b) effect of recycling times on the adsorption-desorption behaviors of PVC-20%DO/BB; cross-flow experiments with different initial concentrations using PVC membranes with different DO/BB doping amount: (c) 1 mg/L and (d) 5 mg/L.
Membrane EM a) Water flux (L/(m2·h)) pH IC (mg/L) b) Time (h) RE (%) c) Ref.
Zr/PVA modified flat-sheet PVDF membrane Filtration 95.5 2.0 0.216 38.6 88 Zhao and Chen (2016)
La-based porous PAN nanofiber membrane Batch adsorption / 5.0 100 20 24.42 Jia et al. (2022)
La/C nanocomposite-doped membrane Filtration 110 / 0.2 0.37 50 Xia et al. (2021)
Cu(II) polyethersulfone-type membrane Continuous adsorption / 5.1 3 4.1 90 Song et al. (2016)
Membrane with zirconium sulfate mesostructured Cycle filtration 1765 5.0 50 1.1 12.4 Furuya et al. (2017)
Biochar incorporated polymeric matrix membrane Cross-flow filtration 43.1 / 80 0.25 71 Mohammadi et al. (2021)
PVC-DO/BB Cross-flow filtration 412 5.0 1 20 92 This work
5 20 74
Tab.3  Affinity membranes loaded with adsorbents for phosphate removal
Parameters Before treatment After treatment
pH 8.42 9.19
Dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L) 6.14 6.55
Electroconductibility (μS/cm) 357 373
Chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/L) 22.57 33.18
Total phosphorus (TP, mg/L) 1.12 0.47
Phosphare (mg P/L) 0.96 0.33
Total nitrogen (mg N/L) 1.21 0.98
Tab.4  Water quality parameters of Hongfeng Lake before and after treatment
Fig.6  Adsorption kinetics: (a) pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Richie n_th-order and Elovich models; (b) intraparticle diffusion model. (c) Adsorption isotherms using Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir_Freundlich and Temkin models.
Fig.7  XPS patterns of PVC-DO/BB before and after adsorption: (a) survey scan, (b) P 2p (c) Mg 1s and (d) Ca 2p.
Fig.8  Schematic diagram of the filtration and adsorption dual functional mechanisms of PVC-20%DO/BB membrane.
1 X An, Z Wu, J Yu, L Ge, T Li, X Liu, B Yu. (2020). High-efficiency reclaiming phosphate from an aqueous solution by bentonite modified biochars: a slow release fertilizer with a precise rate regulation. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(15): 6090–6099
https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01112
2 H T Banu, P Karthikeyan, S Meenakshi. (2019). Zr4+ ions embedded chitosan-soya bean husk activated bio-char composite beads for the recovery of nitrate and phosphate ions from aqueous solution. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 130: 573–583
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100 pmid: 30797805
3 D Chen, H Yu, M Pan, B Pan. (2022). Hydrogen bonding-orientated selectivity of phosphate adsorption by imine-functionalized adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal, 433: 133690
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133690
4 L Chen, X L Chen, C H Zhou, H M Yang, S F Ji, D S Tong, Z K Zhong, W H Yu, M Q Chu. (2017). Environmental-friendly montmorillonite-biochar composites: facile production and tunable adsorption-release of ammonium and phosphate. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156: 648–659
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.050
5 L M Correia, Sousa Campelo N de, D S Novaes, C L Jr Cavalcante, J A Cecilia, E Rodriguez-Castellon, R S Vieira. (2015). Characterization and application of dolomite as catalytic precursor for canola and sunflower oils for biodiesel production. Chemical Engineering Journal, 269: 35–43
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.097
6 M Delavar, G Bakeri, M Hosseini. (2017). Fabrication of polycarbonate mixed matrix membranes containing hydrous manganese oxide and alumina nanoparticles for heavy metal decontamination: Characterization and comparative study. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 120: 240–253
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.02.029
7 W Deng, D Zhang, X Zheng, X Ye, X Niu, Z Lin, M Fu, S Zhou. (2021). Adsorption recovery of phosphate from waste streams by Ca/Mg-biochar synthesis from marble waste, calcium-rich sepiolite and bagasse. Journal of Cleaner Production, 288: 125638
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125638
8 L Dithmer, U G Nielsen, D Lundberg, K Reitzel. (2016). Influence of dissolved organic carbon on the efficiency of P sequestration by a lanthanum modified clay. Water Research, 97: 39–46
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.003 pmid: 26277214
9 C Fang, T Zhang, P Li, R Jiang, S Wu, H Nie, Y Wang. (2015). Phosphorus recovery from biogas fermentation liquid by Ca-Mg loaded biochar. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 29: 106–114
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.019 pmid: 25766018
10 J Feng, Q Yuhong, A E Green. (2006). Analytical model of corn cob Pyroprobe-FTIR data. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30(5): 486–492
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.09.004
11 K Furuya, A Hafuka, M Kuroiwa, H Satoh, Y Watanabe, H Yamamura. (2017). Development of novel polysulfone membranes with embedded zirconium sulfate-surfactant micelle mesostructure for phosphate recovery from water through membrane filtration. Water Research, 124: 521–526
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.005 pmid: 28802137
12 X Hu, X Zhang, H H Ngo, W Guo, H Wen, C Li, Y Zhang, C Ma. (2020). Comparison study on the ammonium adsorption of the biochars derived from different kinds of fruit peel. Science of the Total Environment, 707: 135544
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135544 pmid: 31784163
13 M Jia, F Wang, Y Bian, R D Stedtfeld, G Liu, J Yu, X Jiang (2018). Sorption of sulfamethazine to biochars as affected by dissolved organic matters of different origin. Bioresource Technology, 248(Pt B): 36–43
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.082 pmid: 28863989
14 X Jia, H Wang, Y Li, J Xu, H Cheng, M Li, S Zhang, H Zhang, G Hu. (2022). Separable lanthanum-based porous PAN nanofiber membrane for effective aqueous phosphate removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 433: 133538
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133538
15 N Kamali, A R Mehrabadi, M Mirabi, M A Zahed. (2020). Synthesis of vinasse-dolomite nanocomposite biochar via a novel developed functionalization method to recover phosphate as a potential fertilizer substitute. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 14(4): 70
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1249-6
16 L Kong, M Han, K Shih, M Su, Z Diao, J Long, D Chen, L Hou, Y Peng. (2018). Nano-rod Ca-decorated sludge derived carbon for removal of phosphorus. Environmental Pollution, 233: 698–705
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.099 pmid: 29121605
17 S Y Lee, J W Choi, K G Song, K Choi, Y J Lee, K W Jung. (2019). Adsorption and mechanistic study for phosphate removal by rice husk-derived biochar functionalized with Mg/Al-calcined layered double hydroxides via co-pyrolysis. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 176: 107209
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107209
18 J Li, B Li, H Huang, X Lv, N Zhao, G Guo, D Zhang. (2019). Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by dolomite-modified biochar derived from urban dewatered sewage sludge. Science of the Total Environment, 687: 460–469
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.400 pmid: 31212154
19 R Li, J J Wang, B Zhou, M K Awasthi, A Ali, Z Zhang, L A Gaston, A H Lahori, A Mahar. (2016). Enhancing phosphate adsorption by Mg/Al layered double hydroxide functionalized biochar with different Mg/Al ratios. Science of the Total Environment, 559: 121–129
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.151 pmid: 27058131
20 J Liu, J Jiang, Y Meng, A Aihemaiti, Y Xu, H Xiang, Y Gao, X Chen. (2020). Preparation, environmental application and prospect of biochar-supported metal nanoparticles: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 388: 122026
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122026 pmid: 31958612
21 R Liu, L Chi, X Wang, Y Sui, Y Wang, H Arandiyan. (2018). Review of metal (hydr)oxide and other adsorptive materials for phosphate removal from water. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(4): 5269–5286
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.08.008
22 R Mohammadi, M Hezarjaribi, D L Ramasamy, M Sillanpää, A Pihlajamäki. (2021). Application of a novel biochar adsorbent and membrane to the selective separation of phosphate from phosphate-rich wastewaters. Chemical Engineering Journal, 407: 126494
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126494
23 K Sing. (1982). Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Provisional). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 54(11): 2201–2218
https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198254112201
24 L Song, J Huo, X Wang, F Yang, J He, C Li. (2016). Phosphate adsorption by a Cu(II)-loaded polyethersulfone-type metal affinity membrane with the presence of coexistent ions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 284: 182–193
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.146
25 K Sudhakar, M Premalatha. (2015). Characterization of micro algal biomass through FTIR/TGA/CHN analysis: application to Scenedesmus sp. Energy Sources. Part A, Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 37(21): 2330–2337
https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2013.825661
26 B Wang, W Zhang, L Li, W Guo, J Xing, H Wang, X Hu, W Lyu, R Chen, J Song, L Chen, Z Hong. (2020). Novel talc encapsulated lanthanum alginate hydrogel for efficient phosphate adsorption and fixation. Chemosphere, 256: 127124
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127124 pmid: 32450354
27 B Wu, J Wan, Y Zhang, B Pan, I M C Lo. (2020). Selective phosphate removal from water and wastewater using sorption: process fundamentals and removal mechanisms. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(1): 50–66
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05569 pmid: 31804806
28 D Wu, S Tian, J Long, S Peng, L Xu, W Sun, H Chu. (2021). Remarkable phosphate recovery from wastewater by a novel Ca/Fe composite: synergistic effects of crystal structure and abundant oxygen-vacancies. Chemosphere, 266: 129102
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129102 pmid: 33316475
29 K Wu, Y Li, T Liu, Q Huang, S Yang, W Wang, P Jin. (2019). The simultaneous adsorption of nitrate and phosphate by an organic-modified aluminum-manganese bimetal oxide: adsorption properties and mechanisms. Applied Surface Science, 478: 539–551
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.194
30 H Xi, X Zhang, A H Zhang, F Guo, Y Yang, Z Lu, G Ying, J Zhang. (2021). Concurrent removal of phosphate and ammonium from wastewater for utilization using Mg-doped biochar/bentonite composite beads. Separation and Purification Technology, 285: 120399
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120399
31 W J Xia, L X Guo, L Q Yu, Q Zhang, J R Xiong, X Y Zhu, X C Wang, B C Huang, R C Jin. (2021). Phosphorus removal from diluted wastewaters using a La/C nanocomposite-doped membrane with adsorption-filtration dual functions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 405: 126924
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126924
32 B Yao, Z Luo, S Du, J Yang, D Zhi, Y Zhou. (2021). Sustainable biochar/MgFe2O4 adsorbent for levofloxacin removal: adsorption performances and mechanisms. Bioresource Technology, 340: 125698
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125698 pmid: 34365297
33 Y Yu, X Li, J Cheng. (2016). A comparison study of mechanism: Cu2+ adsorption on different adsorbents and their surface-modified adsorbents. Journal of Chemistry, 2016: 7936258
https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7936258
34 M Zamparas, M Drosos, Y Georgiou, Y Deligiannakis, I Zacharias. (2013). A novel bentonite-humic acid composite material Bephos (TM) for removal of phosphate and ammonium from eutrophic waters. Chemical Engineering Journal, 225: 43–51
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.03.064
35 D Zhao, J P Chen. (2016). Application of zirconium/PVA modified flat-sheet PVDF membrane for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solution. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 55(24): 6835–6844
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00186
36 S Zhao, W Yan, M Shi, Z Wang, J Wang, S Wang. (2015). Improving permeability and antifouling performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane by incorporation of ZnO-DMF dispersion containing nano-ZnO and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Journal of Membrane Science, 478: 105–116
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.050
37 Y Zou, R Zhang, L Wang, K Xue, J Chen. (2020). Strong adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by zirconium-loaded Ca-montmorillonite. Applied Clay Science, 192: 105638
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105638
[1] FSE-22110-OF-XH_suppl_1 Download
[1] Aihua Zhang, Shihao Fang, Huan Xi, Jianke Huang, Yongfu Li, Guangyuan Ma, Jianfeng Zhang. Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(10): 120-.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed