Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1720-2

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (10) : 120 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1720-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

Aihua Zhang¹, Shihao Fang¹, Huan Xi², Jianke Huang¹, Yongfu Li¹, Guangyuan Ma³(

), Jianfeng Zhang²(

)

¹. Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
². College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
³. Jiangsu Innovation Center of Marine Bioresources, Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China

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Abstract

● A new adsorption-membrane separation strategy is used for phosphate removal.

● PVC/Zr-BT shows a selective adsorption ability to low-concentration phosphate.

● Low concentration of P below 0.05 mg/L was achieved in actual wastewater treatment.

● Algal biomass production served as a demonstration of phosphorus recycling.

Enhanced phosphorus treatment and recovery has been continuously pursued due to the stringent wastewater discharge regulations and a phosphate supply shortage. Here, a new adsorption-membrane separation strategy was developed for rational reutilization of phosphate from sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater using a Zr-modified-bentonite filled polyvinyl chloride membrane. The as-obtained polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane was highly permeability (940 L/(m²·h)), 1–2 times higher than those reported in other studies, and its adsorption capacity was high (20.6 mg/g) when the phosphate concentration in water was low (5 mg/L). It remained stable under various conditions, such as different pH, initial phosphate concentrations, and the presence of different ions after 24 h of adsorption in a cross-flow filtration system. The total phosphorus and phosphate removal rate reached 91.5% and 95.9%, respectively, after the membrane was used to treat sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater for 24 h and no other water quality parameters had been changed. After the purification process, the utilization of the membrane as a new source of phosphorus in the phosphorus-free f/2 medium experiments indicated the high cultivability of economic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 and 1.2 times more chlorophyll a was present than in f/2 medium. The biomass and lipid content of the microalgae in the two different media were similar. The innovative polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane used for phosphorus removal and recovery is an important instrument to establish the groundwork for both the treatment of low concentration phosphate from wastewater as well as the reuse of enriched phosphorus in required fields.

Keywords Adsorption-membrane Low-concentration phosphate Zr-modified-bentonite Recycle Microalgal culture

Corresponding Author(s): Guangyuan Ma,Jianfeng Zhang

About author:

*These authors equally shared correspondence to this manuscript.

Issue Date: 28 April 2023

Cite this article:

Aihua Zhang,Shihao Fang,Huan Xi, et al. Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(10): 120.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1720-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I10/120

Fig.1 The physical, contact angles and SEM images of the surface and cross-sectional views of different membranes: (a1–a5) PVC, (b1–b5) PVC/10% BT, (c1–c5) PVC/10% Zr-BT.

Tab.1 Element content of PVC membrane, PVC/10% BT, PVC/10% Zr-BT before and after adsorption

Fig.2 (a) Tensile strength with displacement and (b) fracture elongation of three kinds of membrane; SEM micrographs of broken surface of membranes (c) PVC, (d) PVC/10% BT, (e) PVC/10% Zr-BT.

Fig.3 (a) Pore diameter distribution of PVC membrane and PVC/10% Zr-BT; (b) 2D and 3D AFM images of PVC membranes; (c) 2D and 3D AFM images of PVC/10% Zr-BT.

Tab.2 Performance evaluation of the membrane used in this investigation and that described in the literature

Fig.4 Effect of (a) loading contents and (b) membrane thicknesses on membrane flux; effect of (c) different kinds of loading, (d) loading contents and (e) different thicknesses (10% Zr-BT) on removal efficiency. The initial concentration and pH of the phosphate solution were 1 mg/L and 6.4, respectively.

Fig.5 Effect of (a) pH, (b) initial phosphate concentration, (c) coexisting ions on phosphate adsorption by PVC/10% Zr-BT; (d) effect of cycle times on adsorption and desorption efficiency.

Fig.6 Changes of parameters of sea cucumber wastewater before and after membrane treatment: (a) TP; (b) TN; (c) COD; (d) salinity; (e) pH; (f) DO.

Fig.7 XPS spectra of PVC/Zr-BT membrane before and after phosphate adsorption: (a) full-spectrum scanning; (b) P 2p; (c) Zr 3d; (d) O 1s.

Fig.8 (a) Growth curves, (b) the maximum Fv/Fm, (c) the max biomass, (d) Chlorophyll a (chl a) content, (e) lipid, (f) real and photos of Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 cultured in M1, M2, M3 and M4 medium.

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