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Front. Biol.    2018, Vol. 13 Issue (3) : 180-189    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-018-1503-5
REVIEW
A review on melatonin action as therapeutic agent in cancer
Soumya Nair, Sandra Suresh, Arya Kaniyassery, Panchami Jaya, Jayanthi Abraham()
Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Melatonin is a hormone which is produced from pineal gland in human and is said to have various impacts in human body like controlling sleep wake cycle, regulating the immune and cardiovascular system and regulating the peripheral organ functioning to name a few. Researchers have reported that the melatonin levels correlates with cancer risks.

OBJECTIVE: In this review article, focus has been given to the therapeutic applications and impact of melatonin hormone in human behavior and physiologic activities. Through this article we aim in compiling the scattered information regarding melatonin and its various aspects of importance in human system.

METHODS: We made an analysis of existing hypothesis and studies published on melatonin and circadian rhythm, factors effecting Melatonin secretions in body, sleep disturbances and cancer risks and melatonin therapy in cancer patients.

RESULTS: Melatonin's role as an endogenous synchronizer, growing evidence suggests its anti-oxidative activity as well as its having a role in modulating immune responses. Fluctuating melatonin levels can be boosted by ingesting products containing melatonin. A large portion of the examinations detailed by the researchers clearly conclude that keeping up an impeccable sleep-wake cycle and having a healthy diet is extremely important to keep up the regular melatonin levels and in order to stay fit.

CONCLUSION: Melatonin is considered as a critical hormone that controls and regulates many functions in our body. Melatonin production is emphatically related to the night time duration. Its most absolute biological role is to convey information to the body about day length for a variety of physiologic functions. In addition to melatonin's role as an endogenous synchronizer, growing evidence suggests its anti-oxidative activity as well as its having a role in modulating immune responses. At present, a growing interest is focused on the validity of the anti-tumor mechanisms of melatonin.
Keywords Melatonin      circadian rhythm      breast cancer      pineal gland      melatonin therapy      peripheral organ functioning     
Corresponding Author(s): Jayanthi Abraham   
Online First Date: 19 July 2018    Issue Date: 31 July 2018
 Cite this article:   
Soumya Nair,Sandra Suresh,Arya Kaniyassery, et al. A review on melatonin action as therapeutic agent in cancer[J]. Front. Biol., 2018, 13(3): 180-189.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-018-1503-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2018/V13/I3/180
Reference No. of patients Aim Result
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Wu et al., 2008 33528 women
525 incident cases of breast cancer		 Sleep duration hypothesized to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk Sleep duration may influence breast cancer risk, possibly via its effect on melatonin levels
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Bartsch et al., 1992 8 young men,
7 elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
9 patients of similar age with primary prostate cancer		 Depression of serum melatonin in PC is due to a reduced pineal activity and is not caused by an enhanced metabolic degradation in the liver. These results imply it is feasible to estimate changes in pineal function of prostate cancer patients by means of non-invasive determination using urinary melatonin and aMT6s.
Bartsch et al., 1992 17 with breast cancer
4 with untreated benign breast disease		 17 with breast cancer
4 with untreated benign breast disease		 The nocturnal melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations were significantly depressed in the group of patients with primary breast cancer compared with controls (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.025). The circadian amplitudes of melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were also depressed by 81% (Pless than 0.01) and 63% (P less than 0.01).
Bartsch et al., 1989 35 with breast cancer
28 with untreated benign breast disease		 Stage-dependent depression of melatonin in patients with primary breast cancer A 50% depression of peak and amplitude occurred in the group of patients with primary breast cancer compared with age-matched controls (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01). The peak declined with increasing tumor size: 27% at Stage T1, 53% at T2 (Pless than 0.001), and 73% at T3 (P less than 0.05). In contrast, patients with secondary breast cancer, particularly those receiving antiestrogen therapy, had a melatonin peak similar to controls.
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