Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

doi:10.1007/s11708-013-0257-7

Front Energ

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Issue () : 358-372 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-013-0257-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR¹(

), G. Surya CHANDRA¹, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY¹, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA²

1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India; 2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835215, Ranchi, India

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Abstract

Efficient utilization of energy resources is essential for a developing country like India. The concept of smart grid (SG) can provide a highly reliable power system with optimized utilization of available resources. The present Indian power grid requires revolutionary changes to meet the growing demands and to make the grid smarter and reliable. One of the important requirements for SG is the instantaneous monitoring of the voltage, current and power flows at all buses in the grid. The traditional monitoring system cannot satisfy this requirement since they are based on nonlinear power flow equations. Synchro-phasor-measurement devices like phasor measurement units (PMUs) can measure the phasor values of voltages at installed buses. Consequently, the currents passing through all branches connected to that bus can be computed. Since the voltage phasor values at the neighboring buses of a bus containing the PMU can be estimated using Ohm’s law, it is redundant to install PMUs at all the buses in a power grid for its complete observability. This paper proposes the optimal geographical locations for the PMUs in southern region Indian power grid for the implementation of SG, using Integer Linear Programming. The proposed optimal geographical locations for PMU placement can be a stepping stone for the implementation of SG in India.

Keywords phasor measurement units (PMUs) smart grid (SG) southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG) integer linear programming (ILP)

Corresponding Author(s): GOPAKUMAR Pathirikkat,Email:gopuvattekkat@gmail.com

Issue Date: 05 September 2013

Cite this article:

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR,G. Surya CHANDRA,M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, et al. Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study[J]. Front Energ, 0, (): 358-372.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-013-0257-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y0/V/I/358

Fig.1 A simple sinusoidal waveform and its phasor representation
(a) Sinusoidal waveform with peak value ; (b) phasor representation of the sinusoidal wave

Fig.2 Functional block diagram of PMU

Fig.3 A typical four bus SG

Fig.4 Single line diagram of Tamil Nadu state power grid

Tab.1 Bus details for Tamil Nadu state Indian power grid

Fig.5 PMU locations for complete observability in Tamil Nadu state power grid

Fig.6 PMU locations for depth of one un-observability in Tamil Nadu state power grid

Tab.2 PMU locations in Tamil Nadu state Indian power grid

Fig.7 Single line diagram of Kerala state power grid

Tab.3 Bus details for Tamil Nadu state Indian power grid

Fig.8 PMU locations for complete observability and depth of one un-observability respectively in Kerala state Indian power grid
(a) For complete observability; (b) for depth of one un-observability

Tab.4 PMU locations in Kerala state Indian power grid

Fig.9 Single line diagram of Andhra Pradesh state power grid

Tab.5 Bus details of Andhra Pradesh state Indian power grid

Fig.10 PMU locations for complete observability in Andhra Pradesh state power grid

Tab.6 PMU locations in Andhra Pradesh state Indian power grid

Fig.11 PMU locations for depth of one un-observability in Andhra Pradesh state power grid

Fig.12 Single line diagram of Karnataka state Indian power grid

Tab.7 Bus details of Karnataka state Indian power grid

Fig.13 PMU locations in Karnataka state Indian power grid for complete observability and depth of one un-observability respectively
(a) For complete observability; (b) for depth of one un-observability

Tab.8 PMU locations in Karnataka state Indian power grid

Tab.9 PMU data for inter-state level Indian power grids

Fig.14 PMU locations for complete observability of SRIPG

Tab.10 PMU locations in SRIPG

Fig.15 Comparison chart between number of buses and number of PMUs required for State level power grids

Fig.16 Comparison chart between number of buses and number of PMUs required for Interstate level power grids

Fig.17 Economical savings in total PMU cost for each power grid

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