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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

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Front. Energy    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (3) : 464-473    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-019-0609-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of 2,5-dimethylfuran addition on ignition delay times of n-heptane at high temperatures
Zhenhua GAO, Erjiang HU(), Zhaohua XU, Geyuan YIN, Zuohua HUANG
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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Abstract

The shock tube autoignition of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF)/n-heptane blends (DMF0-100%, by mole fraction) with equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 over the temperature range of 1200–1800 K and pressures of 2.0 atm and 10.0 atm were investigated. A detailed blend chemical kinetic model resulting from the merging of validated kinetic models for the components of the fuel blends was developed. The experimental observations indicate that the ignition delay times nonlinearly increase with an increase in the DMF addition level. Chemical kinetic analysis including radical pool analysis and flux analysis were conducted to explain the DMF addition effects. The kinetic analysis shows that at lower DMF blending levels, the two fuels have negligible impacts on the consumption pathways of each other. As the DMF addition increases to relatively higher levels, the consumption path of n-heptane is significantly changed due to the competition of small radicals, which primarily leads to the nonlinear increase in the ignition delay times of DMF/n-heptane blends.
Keywords ignition delay time      shock tube      kinetic model      2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF)      n-heptane     
Corresponding Author(s): Erjiang HU   
Online First Date: 04 March 2019    Issue Date: 04 September 2019
 Cite this article:   
Zhenhua GAO,Erjiang HU,Zhaohua XU, et al. Effect of 2,5-dimethylfuran addition on ignition delay times of n-heptane at high temperatures[J]. Front. Energy, 2019, 13(3): 464-473.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-019-0609-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2019/V13/I3/464
Fig.1  Typical end-wall pressure and OH* chemiluminescence signal
Fig.2  Comparison of n-heptane ignition delay measurements in this study with those in Ref. [37] and simulation results of the LLNL model (0.4% n-heptane, f = 1.0, and p = 2.0 atm)
Conditions φ p/atm XDMF(%)/Xn-heptane(%) XDMF/% Xn-heptane/% XO2/% XAr/%
1 0.5 2.0 100/0 0.276 0 4.144 95.580
2 1.0 2.0 100/0 0.545 0 4.087 95.368
3 1.0 10.0 100/0 0.545 0 4.087 95.368
4 2.0 2.0 100/0 1.061 0 3.979 94.960
5 0.5 2.0 0/100 0 0.189 4.162 95.649
6 1.0 2.0 0/100 0 0.375 4.123 95.502
7 1.0 10.0 0/100 0 0.375 4.123 95.502
8 2.0 2.0 0/100 0 0.736 4.047 95.217
9 1.0 2.0 20/80 0.080 0.320 4.118 95.483
10 1.0 2.0 50/50 0.222 0.222 4.108 95.448
11 1.0 2.0 80/20 0.400 0.100 4.097 95.404
12 1.0 10.0 20/80 0.080 0.320 4.118 95.483
13 1.0 10.0 50/50 0.222 0.222 4.108 95.448
14 1.0 10.0 80/20 0.400 0.100 4.097 95.404
15 2.0 2.0 20/80 0.157 0.627 4.037 95.179
16 2.0 2.0 50/50 0.435 0.435 4.019 95.112
17 2.0 2.0 80/20 0.780 0.195 3.997 95.028
18 0.5 2.0 20/80 0.040 0.162 4.159 95.639
19 0.5 2.0 50/50 0.112 0.112 4.155 95.621
20 0.5 2.0 80/20 0.202 0.051 4.149 95.599
Tab.1  Composition of the test mixtures
Fig.3  Comparison of experimental data and simulation results for neat DMF
Fig.4  Comparison of experimental data and simulation results for neat n-heptane
Fig.5  Comparison of experimental data and simulation results for DMF and n-heptane blends
Fig.6  Mole fractions of free radicals for different DMF addition levels at f = 1.0 and p = 2.0 atm
Fig.7  Sensitivity analysis of the ignition delay time of n-heptane/DMF blends at T = 1300 K, p = 2.0 atm, and f = 1.0
Fig.8  Ignition delay times as a function of DMF blending ratio at 1300 K
Fig.9  Normalized fuel mole fractions at f = 1.0, p = 2.0 atm, and T = 1300 K (solid lines: neat fuel; dash lines: mixture with 20% DMF)
Fig.10  Temperature profiles at f = 1.0, p = 2.0 atm, and T = 1300 K
Fig.11  Normalized fuel mole fractions at f = 1.0, p = 2.0 atm, and T = 1300 K (solid lines: neat fuel; dash lines: mixture with 80% DMF)
Fig.12  A representative reaction pathway analysis scheme for stoichiometric fuel/O2/Ar mixtures, at the instant of 20% fuel consumption, at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a temperature of 1300 K
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