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Front. Energy    2022, Vol. 16 Issue (6) : 973-987    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-021-0762-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Development of a fan-stirred constant volume combustion chamber and turbulence measurement with PIV
Haoran ZHAO, Jinhua WANG(), Xiao CAI, Zhijian BIAN, Hongchao DAI, Zuohua HUANG()
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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Abstract

A fan-stirred combustion chamber is deve-loped for spherically expanding flames, with P and T up to 10 bar and 473 K, respectively. Turbulence characteristics are estimated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) at different initial pressures (P = 0.5–5 bar), fan frequencies (ω = 0–2000 r/min), and impeller diameters (D = 100 and 114 mm). The flame propagation of methanol/air is investigated at different turbulence intensities (u′=0–1.77 m/s) and equivalence ratios (φ = 0.7–1.5). The results show that u′ is independent of P and proportional to ω, which can be up to 3.5 m/s at 2000 r/min. LT is independent of P and performs a power regression with ω approximately. The turbulent field is homogeneous and isotropic in the central region of the chamber while the inertial subrange of spatial energy spectrum is more collapsed to –5/3 law at a high ReT. Compared to laminar expanding flames, the morpho-logy of turbulent expanding flames is wrinkled and the wrinkles will be finer with the growth of turbulence intensity, consistent with the decline of the Taylor scale and the Kolmogorov scale. The determined SL in the present study is in good agreement with that of previous literature. The SL and ST of methanol/air have a non-monotonic trend with φ while peak ST is shifted to the richer side compared to SL. This indicates that the newly built turbulent combustion chamber is reliable for further experimental study.
Keywords fan-stirred combustion chamber      turbulence characteristics      particle image velocimetry (PIV)      methanol      turbulent expanding flames     
Corresponding Author(s): Jinhua WANG,Zuohua HUANG   
Online First Date: 02 August 2021    Issue Date: 17 January 2023
 Cite this article:   
Haoran ZHAO,Jinhua WANG,Xiao CAI, et al. Development of a fan-stirred constant volume combustion chamber and turbulence measurement with PIV[J]. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(6): 973-987.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-021-0762-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2022/V16/I6/973
Reference [18] [19] [20] [12] [8] [21] [13] [16] [14] [10] [17] [22] [15]
Chamber shape Cylindrical Cylindrical Intersection of two cylinders Equivalent sphere Spherical Equivalent sphere Equivalent sphere Cylindrical Spherical Intersection of three cylinders Cylindrical Spherical Cubic
Chamber size/mm ID= 305
IL= 305		 ID= 260
IL= 260		 Cubic volume of 150*150*150 ID= 58 ID= 380 ID= 406 ID= 118
IL= 118		 ID= 305
IL= 356		 ID= 200 ID= 101 ID= 114
IL= 127		 ID= 563 IL= 136
No. optical ports 2 2 4 – 3 2 4 2 4 – 2 4 6
No. of fans 4 4 2 4 4 2 8 4 6 2 4 8 2
Fans diameter/mm 147 135 116 48 – – 45 76.2 40 25.4 69 - 100
Maximum fan frequency/(r·min–1) 10000 2500 7620 7000 10000 – 10000 8300 15000 8000 4000 5000 2900
Maximum turbulence intensity/(m·s–1) 16 ~2.2 2.6 1.8 12 1.59 ~3.5 3.5 2.8 – ~2.3 4 1.6
Integral length scale/mm 38–42 40 15–48 6.9 20 10.3 3.9 20–27 3.4 – – 45–52 4.65–5.48
Diagnostic techniques LDV LDV LDV PIV LDV PIV LDV (u’)
PIV (LT)		 PIV LDV (u’)
PIV (LT)		 PIV PIV PIV PIV
Tab.1  An overview of turbulence characterization in fan-stirred combustion chamber
Fig.1  Schematics of the experimental apparatus.
Impeller size/mm P/bar Τ/K ω/(r·min–1)
Large (114) 0.5 298 500, 1000, 1500, 2000
1
2
5
Small (100) 1 298 500, 1000, 1500, 2000
2
5
Tab.2  Experimental conditions of turbulence characterization
Mixture P/bar T/K φ ω/(r·min–1)
Methanol/Air 1 353 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 0, 500, 1000
Tab.3  Experimental conditions of methanol/air turbulent expanding flames
Fig.2  Maps of mean velocity field and turbulence intensity field.
Impeller size/mm P/bar ω/(r·min–1) u′/(m·s–1)
Large (114) 0.5 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 0.95, 1.73, 2.65, 3.44
1 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 1.08, 1.80, 2.64, 3.48
2 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 1.25, 1.95, 2.90, 3.54
5 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 1.21,–, 2.48, 3.40
Small (100) 1 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 1.22, 1.73, 2.42, 3.32
2 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 –, 1.86, 2.59, 3.54
5 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 1.21, 1.75, 2.50, 3.38
Tab.4  Results of turbulence intensity
Fig.3  Turbulence intensity under different conditions.
Fig.4  Correlation coefficients of fluctuating velocities in the baseline condition.
Fig.5  Integral length scale under different conditions.
Fig.6  Taylor and Kolmogorov length scales.
Fig.7  Maps of homogeneity and isotropy ratios.
Fig.8  Histograms and CDFs of homogeneity and isotropy.
Fig.9  Spatial energy spectrum at different Reynolds numbers.
Fig.10  Shadow pictures of methanol/air flames.
Fig.11  Flame propagation velocity of methanol/air mixtures.
Fig.12  Burning velocity of methanol/air expanding flames.
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