Shrink-induced graphene sensor for alpha-fetoprotein detection with low-cost self-assembly and label-free assay

doi:10.1007/s11465-017-0485-3

Front. Mech. Eng.

2017, Vol. 12

Issue (4) : 574-580 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-017-0485-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Shrink-induced graphene sensor for alpha-fetoprotein detection with low-cost self-assembly and label-free assay

Shota SANDO, Bo ZHANG, Tianhong CUI(

)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

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Abstract

Combination of shrink induced nano-composites technique and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled graphene challenges controlling surface morphology. Adjusting shrink temperature achieves tunability on graphene surface morphology on shape memory polymers, and it promises to be an alternative in fields of high-surface-area conductors and molecular detection. In this study, self-assembled graphene on a shrink polymer substrate exhibits nanowrinkles after heating. Induced nanowrinkles on graphene with different shrink temperature shows distinct surface roughness and wettability. As a result, it becomes more hydrophilic with higher shrink temperatures. The tunable wettability promises to be utilized in, for example, microfluidic devices. The graphene on shrink polymer also exhibits capability of being used in sensing applications for pH and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection with advantages of label free and low cost, due to self-assembly technique, easy functionalization, and antigen-antibody reaction on graphene surface. The detection limit of AFP detection is down to 1 pg/mL, and therefore the sensor also has a significant potential for biosensing as it relies on low-cost self-assembly and label-free assay.

Keywords graphene self-assembly shrink polymer AFP label-free biosensor

Corresponding Author(s): Tianhong CUI

Just Accepted Date: 08 September 2017 Online First Date: 28 September 2017 Issue Date: 31 October 2017

Cite this article:

Shota SANDO,Bo ZHANG,Tianhong CUI. Shrink-induced graphene sensor for alpha-fetoprotein detection with low-cost self-assembly and label-free assay[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2017, 12(4): 574-580.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-017-0485-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2017/V12/I4/574

Fig.1 Optical image of 1 cm × 1 cm polystyrene (PS) substrates with and without LbL self-assembled graphene and graphene on a PS substrate after heating at 120 ºC and 140 ºC, showing shrinkage and transparency change

Fig.2 (a) Schematic of LbL self-assembled graphene sensor; (b), (c) SEM image of graphene on a PS substrate before heating; (d), (e) SEM image of graphene on a PS substrate heated at 120 ºC; (f), (g) SEM image of graphene on a PS substrate heated at 140 ºC; magnification for (b) and (d), and (f) is × 5000; magnification for (c), (e), and (g) is × 60000

Fig.3 Shrink rate of PS substrates with different temperature (n=5)

Fig.4 (a) Wettability of graphene on PS substrates after heating (n=5); (b)–(d) Optical images of droplet of DI water for contact angle measurement with different shrink temperature

Fig.5 Response of the sensor to pH (PBS, pH: 5.31, 7.1, 8.0) by resistance shift

Fig.6 Dilution rate of DPBS vs. Debye length (solid line) and Dilution rate of DPBS vs. Ionic strength (dashed line)

Fig.7 AFP detection result in which Normalized resistance is represented as ?R/R₀ (n=4)

Fig.8 Comparison of normalized resistance for the response to different concentration of AFP antigens between diluted DPBS and as-prepared DPBS

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