Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drive wind turbines under faults

doi:10.1007/s11465-017-0442-1

Front. Mech. Eng.

2017, Vol. 12

Issue (3) : 281-302 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-017-0442-1

REVIEW ARTICLE

Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drive wind turbines under faults

Shoudao HUANG, Xuan WU(

), Xiao LIU, Jian GAO, Yunze HE

College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

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Abstract

Electric power conversion system (EPCS), which consists of a generator and power converter, is one of the most important subsystems in a direct-drive wind turbine (DD-WT). However, this component accounts for the most failures (approximately 60% of the total number) in the entire DD-WT system according to statistical data. To improve the reliability of EPCSs and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of DD-WTs, numerous researchers have studied condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnostics (FD). Numerous CM and FD techniques, which have respective advantages and disadvantages, have emerged. This paper provides an overview of the CM, FD, and operation control of EPCSs in DD-WTs under faults. After introducing the functional principle and structure of EPCS, this survey discusses the common failures in wind generators and power converters; briefly reviewed CM and FD methods and operation control of these generators and power converters under faults; and discussed the grid voltage faults related to EPCSs in DD-WTs. These theories and their related technical concepts are systematically discussed. Finally, predicted development trends are presented. The paper provides a valuable reference for developing service quality evaluation methods and fault operation control systems to achieve high-performance and high-intelligence DD-WTs.

Keywords direct-drive wind turbine electric power conversion system condition monitoring fault diagnosis operation control under faults fault tolerance

Corresponding Author(s): Xuan WU

Just Accepted Date: 07 June 2017 Online First Date: 19 July 2017 Issue Date: 04 August 2017

Cite this article:

Shoudao HUANG,Xuan WU,Xiao LIU, et al. Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drive wind turbines under faults[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2017, 12(3): 281-302.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-017-0442-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2017/V12/I3/281

Fig.1 Configuration of a typical DD-WT

Fig.2 Control system of a DD-WT

Fig.3 Structure of EPCS in DD-WT

Tab.1 Monitoring methods for stator windings

Fig.4 Vector trajectory of Park vector. (a) Normal operation; (b) A phase 6 turns short circuit; (c) B phase 18 turns short circuit; (d) C phase 18 turns short circuit

Tab.2 Methods for demagnetization monitoring and their features

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit of a power module

Fig.6 Condition monitoring method for wind power converters based on SCADA

Fig.7 SCADA network structure diagram

Tab.3 Stator fault types

Tab.4 Demagnetization fault diagnosis methods and their features

Fig.8 Diagram of a double-bearing outer-rotor permanent-magnet DD-WT

Fig.9 Motor-side converter control strategy for suppressing second-order voltage ripple

Fig.10 Multiphase permanent-magnet synchronous generator

Fig.11 Schematic of two-level three-phase reconfigurable inverter for external single phase-loss faults [149]

Fig.12 Schematics of two-level three-phase FT inverters [151]. (a) Switch-based four-leg inverter; (b) capacitor-based four-leg inverter

Tab.5 Types and features of voltage drop faults

Fig.13 Diagram of energy equilibrium scheme using an energy storage device [158]

Fig.14 Schematic of energy balance method for a parallel converter [160]

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