Recent progress on tandem structured dye-sensitized solar cells

doi:10.1007/s12200-012-0283-9

Front Optoelec

2012, Vol. 5

Issue (4) : 371-389 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-012-0283-9

REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent progress on tandem structured dye-sensitized solar cells

Dehua XIONG, Wei CHEN(

)

Michael Gr?tzel Centre for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

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Abstract

Tandem structured dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can take full advantage of sunlight, effectively broadening the absorption spectrum of the cell, resulting in a higher open circuit voltage or short circuit current than that of the conventional DSSC with single light absorber. The theoretical maximum efficiency is therefore suggested to be over the Schottky-Queisser limit of 33%. Accordingly, tandem design of DSSC is thought to be a promising way to break the performance bottleneck of DSSC. Besides, the tandem designs also broaden the application diversity of DSSC technology, which will accelerate its scale-up industrial application. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent progress on photo-electrochemical applications associated with kinds of tandem designs of DSSCs, in general, which are divided into three kinds: “n-type DSSC+n-type DSSC,” “n-type DSSC+p-type DSSC” and “n-type DSSC+other solar conversion devices.” The working principles, advantages and challenges of these tandem structured DSSCs have been discussed. Some possible solutions for further studies have been also pointed out together.

Keywords dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) tandem structure photo-electrochemical cell

Corresponding Author(s): CHEN Wei,Email:wnlochenwei@hust.edu.cn

Issue Date: 05 December 2012

Cite this article:

Dehua XIONG,Wei CHEN. Recent progress on tandem structured dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(4): 371-389.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-012-0283-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2012/V5/I4/371

Fig.1 Schematics of tandem dye-sensitized solar cell made up of two completed cells, scanning electron micrographs, and irradiation spectra (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2004), American Institute of Physics)

Fig.2 Selective positioning of different dyes in one integrated film (Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2009), with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature Materials])

Fig.3 Structure of tandem cell with one floating porous electrode in the middle (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2010), Elsevier)

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of preparation procedure and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of multilayered photoanode. (a) cross section; b) interface of the scattering and transferred layers; and c) interface of the transferred and bottom layers (Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2011), with permission from John Wiley and Sons)

Fig.5 Schematic show of working principle of n-p tandem structured DSSC (Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2010), with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature Materials]) (HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO: lower unoccupied molecular orbital, VAC: vacuum level, NHE: normal hydrogen electrode)

electrode	thickness/μm	dye	electrolyte	V_oc/mV	J_sc/(mA·cm^-2)	η/%	Ref..
NiO	1	TPPC	0.5 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	98.5	0.079	0.0033	[20]
erythrosin B	82.8	0.232	0.0076
NiO	4.2	dye 3	iodide/triiodide	208±3	6.36±0.15	0.46±0.02	[21]
6.0	185±3	7.0±0.30	0.43±0.01
NiO	1	erythrosin B	0.5 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	83	0.269	0.0071	[22]
NiO	none	NK-2684	I^-/I3- electrolyte	93	2.0	0.027	[23]
NiO	1.6	erythrosin J	0.5 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	122±3	0. 36±0.12	0.011±0.001	[24]
eosin B	0.5 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	77±8	0. 14±0.02	0.0032±0.0001
NiO	35	C343	0.6 M LiI/0.3 M I₂	113	1.61	0.057	[25]
NiO	1.6	C343	0.5 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	98±8	0. 55±0.14	0.016±0.004	[24]
			0.5 M LiI/0.5 M I₂	65±10	1.15±0.35	0. 025±0.006
			0.5 M LiI/2 M I₂	37±2.4	2.13±0.2	0.024±0.003
NiO	0.6	C343	0.5 M LiI/0.1 M I₂	70	0.78	0.017	[26]
P1	110	1.52	0.052
NiO	2.4	C343	0.7 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	101	0.86	0.031	[27]
NiO	3.5	C343	I^-/I3- electrolyte	117	0.88	0.036	[28]
PMI-NDI dyad	370	1.3	0.16
NiO	1.7	fast green FCF	0.7 M LiI/0.05 M I₂	93	1.44	0.043	[27]
	2.2	NKX-2311		100	0.66	0.022
	2.1	NK-3628		77	0.43	0.011
	1.8	NK-2612		73	0.45	0.013
NiO	1-1.4	P1	1 M LiI/0.1 M I₂	110	2.51	0.08	[29]
P4	100	2.48	0.09
NiO	5	PINDI	Co^II/III couple	350	1.7	0.2	[30]
		PI		80	0.26	0.006
		C343		190	0.25	0.015
NiO	1.1-1.2	P1	1 M LiI/0.1 M I₂	106	3.01	0.12	[31]
		P1		84	5.48	0.15
		C343		71	1.89	0.05
NiO	1.2	P2	1 M LiI/0.1 M I₂	63	3.37	0.07	[32]
		P3		55	1.36	0.03
		P7		80	3.37	0.09
NiO	3.3	dye 1	iodide/triiodide	153	2.06	0.09	[33]
		dye 2		176	3.40	0.19
		dye 3		218	5.35	0.41
	1.55	dye 3		227	3.87	0.30
NiO	X	dye 3	iodide/triiodide	350	0.04	0.01	[34]
X+ 0.1	305	1.32	0.14
NiO	0.9	dye 3	iodide/triiodide	301	2.6	0.33	[35]
1.7	292	3.3	0.40
NiO	0.6	O2	1.0 M LiI/ 0.1 M I₂	94	1.43	0.05	[36]
		O6		97	1.04	0.037
		O7		90	1.74	0.06
NiO	0.6	O8	1.0 M LiI/ 0.1 M I₂	63	0.44	0.009	[37]
		O11		79	1.16	0.033
		O12		82	1.84	0.051
NiO	ruthenium sensitizers 1	1.0 M LiI/0.1 M I₂	85	0.63	0.019	[38]
	ruthenium sensitizers 2		95	0.78	0.025
	ruthenium sensitizers 3		75	0.25	0.0065
	ruthenium sensitizers 4		85	0.65	0.018
	C343		95	0.87	0.03
NiO	2	PMINDI	Co(ttb-tpy)₂(ClO₄)_2/3PC	240	1.61	0.13	[39]
			Co(dtb-bpy)₃(ClO₄)_2/3PC	340	2.00	0.24
			Co(dMeO-bpy)₃(PF₆)_2/3MeCN	200	2.42	0.17
			Co(dtb-bpy)₃(PF₆)_2/3MeCN	275	2.65	0.24
CuAlO₂	1.6	Dye 3	iodide/triiodide	333	none	0.041	[40]
CuGaO₂	3.03	P1	1.0 M LiI/ 0.1 M I₂	180	0.384	0.026	[41]
0.1 MCo³⁺/0.1 MCo²⁺	357	0.165	0.018
CuGaO₂	1.5	PMINDI	0.1 M LiI/1 M I₂	187	0.29	0.023	[42]
Co²⁺/Co³⁺	375	0.12	0.0149

Tab.1 Summary of p-type DSSC with their photovoltaic characteristics

Fig.6 Molecular structure of coumarin 343 (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (1996), American Chemical Society)

Fig.7 Structures of dyes (NKX-2311, NKX-2586, NKX-2753 and NKX-2593) []

Fig.8 Molecular structures of P1, P2, P3, P4 and P7 (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2010), American Chemical Society)

Fig.9 Molecular structures of PI and PINDI (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2009), John Wiley and Sons)

Fig.10 Chemical structure of donor-acceptor dyes 1–3(Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2010), with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature Materials])

Fig.11 Structures of series dye with O8, O11 and O12 (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2012), American Chemical Society)

Fig.12 Molecular structure of Co tris(4,4′-di-ter-butyl-2,2′-dipyridy1) (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2009), John Wiley and Sons)

Fig.13 (a) Schematic representation of DSSC/CIGS structure, DSSC and CIGS are series connected (Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier); (b) spectral response curves of photocurrent for DSSC top cell (bold line) and a red and near IR sensitive bottom cell (dotted line) (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright [2006], American Institute of Physics)

Fig.14 Illustration on structure and working principle of tandem positioned DSSC and Si solar cell (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [], Copyright (2011), American Chemical Society)

Fig.15 Illustration on structure of hybrid tandem solar cell based on solid-state DSSC and vacuum deposited bulk heterojunction solar cell (Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier)

Fig.16 Two-wire hybrid tandem cell (HTC2) was made by connecting DSSC and TC (thermoelectric cell) (Reprinted from Ref. [], Copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier)

Fig.17 Layout of three architectures for tandem cell using hematite photoanode and two DSSCs in series. (a) “Back DSSC” configuration; (b) “Trilevel” configuration; (c) “Front DSSC” configuration []

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