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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

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Front. Optoelectron.    2020, Vol. 13 Issue (3) : 256-264    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1013-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Influence of precursor concentration on printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
Shuangquan JIANG, Yusong SHENG, Yue HU, Yaoguang RONG, Anyi MEI(), Hongwei HAN
Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract

Over the last decade, the power conversion efficiency of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased dramatically from 3.8% to 25.2%. This rapid progress has been possible due to the accurate control of the morphology and crystallinity of solution-processed perovskites, which are significantly affected by the concentration of the precursor used. This study explores the influence of precursor concentrations on the performance of printable hole-conductor-free mesoscopic PSCs via a simple one-step drop-coating method. The results reveal that lower concentrations lead to larger grains with inferior pore filling, while higher concentrations result in smaller grains with improved pore filling. Among concentrations ranging from 0.24–1.20 M, devices based on a moderate strength of 0.70 M were confirmed to exhibit the best efficiency at 16.32%.
Keywords printable perovskite solar cell (PSC)      precursor concentration      crystallization      morphology     
Corresponding Author(s): Anyi MEI   
Just Accepted Date: 19 May 2020   Online First Date: 11 June 2020    Issue Date: 27 September 2020
 Cite this article:   
Shuangquan JIANG,Yusong SHENG,Yue HU, et al. Influence of precursor concentration on printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2020, 13(3): 256-264.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-020-1013-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2020/V13/I3/256
Fig.1  Top-view SEM images of drop-coated perovskite films on a porous ZrO2 layer with different precursor concentrations at 10000´ magnification: (a) bare ZrO2, (b) 0.24, (c) 0.41, (d) 0.55, (e) 0.70, (f) 0.83, (g) 1.00, and (h) 1.20 M concentrations. At 80000´ magnification: (i) 0.24, (j) 0.70, (k) 0.83, and (l) 1.20 M concentrations
Fig.2  Optical characterization of drop-coated perovskite films on a porous ZrO2 layer: (a) XRD patterns, (b) UV–Vis spectra, and (c) TRPL spectra of drop-coated perovskite films on a porous ZrO2 layer
Fig.3  (a) Schematic, (b) typical cross-sectional SEM image, (c) energy-level alignment of PMPSCs, (d) J–V curves, (e) steady-state current density output, and (f) IPCE of PMPSCs filled with perovskite precursors at different concentrations
scan direction VOC/V JSC/(mA·cm−2) FF PCE/% steady-state
current density/(mA·cm−2)		 bias
voltage/V		 steady-state PCE/%
0.24 M reverse 0.92 23.00 0.68 14.29 19.93 0.72 14.35
forward 0.96 22.91 0.70 15.38
0.41 M reverse 0.94 23.10 0.68 14.84 20.35 0.72 14.65
forward 0.98 23.04 0.69 15.67
0.55 M reverse 0.96 23.23 0.68 15.11 20.96 0.72 15.09
forward 0.98 23.20 0.70 16.00
0.70 M reverse 0.94 23.39 0.70 15.31 21.32 0.72 15.35
forward 0.96 23.32 0.73 16.32
0.83 M reverse 0.94 23.31 0.69 15.06 21.05 0.72 15.16
forward 0.96 23.26 0.72 16.12
1.00 M reverse 0.94 23.04 0.69 14.85 20.81 0.72 14.98
forward 0.98 22.93 0.72 16.09
1.20 M reverse 0.94 23.10 0.68 14.83 20.59 0.72 14.82
forward 0.96 23.02 0.72 15.89
Tab.1  J–V parameters and steady-state outputs of PMPSCs prepared with precursors of different concentrations
Fig.4  Statistical results of the performance of PMPSCs filled with perovskite precursors of different concentrations: (a) VOC, (b) JSC, (c) FF, and (d) PCE
Fig.5  Cross-sectional SEM images of PMPSCs filled with perovskite precursors of different concentrations: (a) 0.24, (b) 0.70, and (c) 1.20 M
Fig.6  Reverse and forward scan J−V curves of the optimized PMPSC prepared with a precursor at a concentration of 0.70 M
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