Tooth enamel and enameloid in actinopterygian fish

doi:10.1007/s11706-009-0030-3

Front Mater Sci Chin

2009, Vol. 3

Issue (2) : 174-182 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-009-0030-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Tooth enamel and enameloid in actinopterygian fish

I. SASAGAWA¹(

), M. ISHIYAMA², H. YOKOSUKA², M. MIKAMI³, T. UCHIDA⁴

1. Advanced Research Centre, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Hamaura-cho 1-8, Niigata 951-8580, Japan; 2. Department of Histology, The Nippon Dental University, Hamaura-cho 1-8, Niigata 951-8580, Japan; 3. Department of Microbiology, The Nippon Dental University, Hamaura-cho 1-8, Niigata 951-8580, Japan; 4. Department of Oral Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

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Abstract

The morphological features of tooth enamel and enameloid in actinopterygian fish are reviewed to provide basic data concerning the biomineralization of teeth in lower vertebrates. Enameloid, which covers the tooth surface, is a unique well-mineralized tissue and usually has the same functions as mammalian tooth enamel. However, the development of enameloid is different from that of the enamel produced by dental epithelial cells. Enameloid is made by a combination of odontoblasts and dental epithelial cells. An organic matrix that contains collagen is provided by odontoblasts, and then dental epithelial cells dissolve the degenerate matrix and supply inorganic ions during advanced crystal growth in enameloid. It is likely that enameloid is a good model for studying the growth of well-mineralized hard tissues in vertebrates. Some actinopterygian fish possess a collar enamel layer that is situated at the surface of the tooth shaft, indicating that the origin of tooth enamel is found in fish. Collar enamel is thought to be a precursor of mammalian enamel, although it is thin and not well mineralized in comparison with enameloid. In Lepisosteus and Polypterus, both of which are living actinopterygians, both enameloid and enamel are found in the same tooth. Therefore, they are suitable materials for examining the developmental processes of enameloid and enamel and the relationship among them.

Keywords actinopterygian enamel enameloid fish tooth

Corresponding Author(s): SASAGAWA I.,Email:ichsasgw@ngt.ndu.ac.jp

Issue Date: 05 June 2009

Cite this article:

I. SASAGAWA,M. ISHIYAMA,H. YOKOSUKA, et al. Tooth enamel and enameloid in actinopterygian fish[J]. Front Mater Sci Chin, 2009, 3(2): 174-182.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-009-0030-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2009/V3/I2/174

Fig.1 A typical jaw tooth in an actinopterygian () consisting of cap enameloid (a), collar enameloid (b) and dentin (c). An undemineralized ground section of an erupted tooth observed with polarizing light microscopy.

Fig.2 The organic matrix in enameloid during the matrix formation stage. Many collagen fibrils, processes of odontoblasts and matrix vesicles (arrows) are seen in the enameloid of (polypterus). Demineralized with EDTA-2Na, stained with uranyle acetate and lead citrate (U-Pb), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), bar=200 nm.

Fig.3 Enameloid during the mineralization stage. Slender fine crystallites accumulate along the collagen fibrils in (gar). P: process of odontoblast, undemineralized, TEM, bar=200 nm.

Fig.4 Mineralized enameloid during the maturation stage. Crystallites are densely packed, and the arrangement of long axes of crystallites is the same as that of the collagen fibrils in . P: processes of odontoblasts, undemineralized, TEM, bar=200 nm.

Fig.5 A longitudinal ground section of an erupted jaw tooth in . The tooth consists of cap enameloid (a), collar enamel (b), dentin (c), and pulp. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM), bar=200 μm, from Ref. [].

Fig.6 Collar enamel in an actinopterygian (): Ground section of the enamel, erupted tooth, SEM, bar=5 μm, from Ref. []; Mineralized enamel, tooth germ during enamel formation stage, undemineralized, ultrathin section, TEM, bar=1 μm; Organic matrix of enamel, tooth germ during the formation stage, demineralized, ultrathin section, U-Pb, TEM, bar=200 nm. (A: ameloblasts; CE: collar enamel; D: dentin)

Fig.7 The enamel layer in a sarcopterygian (): Well-mineralized enamel layer (arrows) covers dentin (D), erupted tooth, contact microradiogram; Ground section of enamel, several incremental lines are seen, SEM; Ultrathin section of the enamel, undemineralized, TEM, bar=500 nm. (D: dentin; E: enamel. From Ref. [])

Fig.8 Tooth germ during the formation stage of collar enamel layer (arrow) in . A semi-thin section from a resin block, stained with toluidine blue, LM, cap enameloid (a), dentin (b), pulp (c).

Fig.9 Collar enamel formation in . Tooth germ during the collar enamel formation stage: Collar enamel (b) is found between dentin (c) and the ameloblasts (e); (a: cap enameloid; d: odontoblasts, paraffin section, stained with H-E, LM) Collar enamel (E) and distal portion of ameloblasts containing long cisterae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, demineralized, ultrathin section, U-Pb, TEM, bar=1 μm; Well-developed Golgi area of ameloblasts, demineralized, ultrathin section, U-Pb, TEM, bar=500 nm.

Fig.10 Immunohistochemistry using rabbit antiserum against 25 kDa porcine amelogenin; Region-specific antibodies against the C-terminus; Central (M) region of the porcine amelogenin. (Arrows indicate the collar enamel. a: cap enameloid; b: dentin; c: pulp. Tooth germs during the collar enamel formation stage in . Undemineralized specimens, embedded in LR-White resin, semi-thin sections, ABC method, LM.)

Fig.11 The distributions of enamel and enameloid among vertebrates (from Refs. [,])

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