Sprayable and rapidly bondable phenolic-metal coating for versatile oil/water separation

doi:10.1007/s11706-019-0461-4

Front. Mater. Sci.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (2) : 193-205 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-019-0461-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sprayable and rapidly bondable phenolic-metal coating for versatile oil/water separation

Heling GUO¹, Xiaolin WANG¹, Xie LI¹, Xiulan ZHANG¹, Xinghuan LIU¹, Yu DAI¹, Rongjie WANG¹, Xuhong GUO², Xin JIA¹(

)

¹. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
². State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

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Abstract

Phenolic-metal complexation coatings have been discovered to be a universal route for the deposition of multifunctional coatings. However, most complexation coatings have been prepared by the immersion method, which limits their practical large-scale application. Herein, we describe a facile and green engineering strategy that involves spraying phenolic compound and metal ions on substrate to form in-situ complexation coating with different coordination states. The coating is formed within minutes and it can be achieved in large scale by the spray method. The pyrogallol-Fe^III complexation coating is prepared at pH 7.5, which consists predominantly of bis-coordination complexation with a small amount of tris-coordination complexation. It displays that the water contact angle is near zero due to the generation of rough hierarchical structures and massive hydroxyl groups. The superhydrophilic cotton resulting from the deposition of the pyrogallol-Fe^III complexation can separate oil/water mixtures and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency. The formation of the phenolic-metal complexation coating by using spray technique constitutes a cost-effective and environmentally friendly, strategy with potential to be applied for large-scale surface engineering processes and green oil/water separation.

Keywords spray coating in-situ complexation superhydrophilicity oil/water separation surface engineering

Corresponding Author(s): Xin JIA

Online First Date: 30 May 2019 Issue Date: 19 June 2019

Cite this article:

Heling GUO,Xiaolin WANG,Xie LI, et al. Sprayable and rapidly bondable phenolic-metal coating for versatile oil/water separation[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(2): 193-205.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-019-0461-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2019/V13/I2/193

Fig.1 Scheme 1 Schematic illustration and reaction mechanism for the preparation of superhydrophilic PG-Fe^III coating. Spray coating is performed by pouring PG, FeCl₃·6H₂O and NaOH solutions into different vessels of a three-channel sprayer, where the solutions are mixed and onto surface.

Fig.2 pH-Dependence of the PG-Fe^III complexation state: (a) UV–vis spectra of the PG-Fe^III complexation at various pH values; (b) thickness values of the PG-Fe^III complexation coating after 10 spray cycles; (c) AFM images of the coated PC substrate surfaces; (d) WCAs of the cotton surface after 10 spray cycles; (e) the reaction mechanism of the PG-Fe^III complexation at different pH values.

Fig.3 Wettability and water permeability of the PG-Fe^III complexation (at pH 7.5)-coated cotton: (a)(b) contact angle photographs of complexation-coated cotton for water droplet in air and oil droplet under water; (c) water permeability of the coated cotton.

Fig.4 (a)(b) SEM and (c)(d) AFM images of cotton surfaces for the original cotton (upper) and the PG-Fe^III complexation (at pH 7.5)-coated cotton (lower).

Fig.5 (a)(b) Mappings of surface chemical compositions of the original cotton and the PG-Fe^III complexation (at pH 7.5)-coated cotton. (c) XPS survey spectra. (d) High-resolution XPS images of Fe 2p.

Fig.6 (a) Schematic illustration of the separation of oil/water mixtures. (b) Photographs of the oil separated from oil/water mixture by the PG-Fe^III complexation (at pH 7.5)-coated cotton. (c) The separation capacity of the coated cotton for various organic liquids. (d) The separation efficiency after several separations.

Fig.7 (a) Schematic illustration of the separation of oil-in-water emulsion. (b) Water flux for the separation of the toluene-in-water emulsion by using different complexation-coated cottons. (c)(d) The separation performance of toluene-in-water emulsion by using PG-Fe^III complexation coated cotton.

Fig. S1(a) A lab-made three-channel tool for the spray coating method. (b) A photograph of unmodified (left) and PG-Fe^III complexation (at pH 7.5)-coated (right) cotton with an area of 25 cm × 20 cm.

Fig. S2(a) UV–vis absorption spectra of different phenolic-Fe^III at pH 7.5. (b) The thickness of the phenolic-Fe^III complexation coating after 10 spray cycles. (c)(d) AFM images of the coated PC substrate surfaces.

Fig. S3(a) UV–vis spectra of different metal-PG complexation at pH 7.5. (b) The thickness of the metal-PG complexation coating after 10 spray cycles. (c)(d) AFM images of coated PC substrate surfaces.

Fig. S4 Mappings of PG-Ca^II, PG-Cu^II and PG-Mg^II coatings on the PC substrate.

Fig. S5 Wettabilities of different phenolic-metal complexation-coated cottons.

Fig. S6 The water droplet image of surfaces for the original cotton and the superhydrophilic PG-Fe^III complexation-coated cotton.

Fig. S7 Element concentrations of the PG-Fe^III complexation-coated cotton determined by the EDS analysis.

Fig. S8 Schematic diagram of the emulsion separation device.

Fig. S9 Optical microscopy images, photographs and DLS data of the feed emulsions (up) and their filtrate correspondingly (down) for surfactant-stabilized emulsions of S-2 (chloroform-in-water) and S-3 (hexane-in-water).

Table S1 Densities and viscosities of oils used in the oil/water separation of this work

Table S2 Acronyms of various emulsions and their compositions

Table S3 Element concentrations determined by the XPS analysis

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