Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgI/TiO<sub>2</sub> hollow sphere composites

doi:10.1007/s11706-020-0491-y

Front. Mater. Sci.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (1) : 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-020-0491-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow sphere composites

Zhihong JING(

), Xiue LIU, Yan DU, Yuanchun HE, Tingjiang YAN, Wenliang WANG, Wenjuan LI

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China

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Abstract

Dispersed TiO₂ hollow spheres were successfully prepared which was obtained via Ostwald ripening under solvothermal conditions without any templates or surfactants. Then, the AgI/TiO₂ was synthesized by the deposition−precipitation process. Finally, Ag/AgI/TiO₂ was obtained by a photocatalytic reduction way. Their characteristics were analyzed by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, N₂ adsorption−desorption measurements and UV-vis absorption spectra. To demonstrate the potential applications of such composites, their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was studied by microcalorimetry for the first time, and their photocatalytic performance for degradation of different organic dyes under simulated UV and visible light was discussed. The results indicated that Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow spheres revealed elevated antibacterial and photocatalytic activity because of their unique morphology, hollow structure and high surface area. The mechanism of the excellent antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow spheres are discussed which are attributed to the synergetic effect of Ag, AgI and TiO₂. It suggested that the new Ag/AgI/TiO₂ photocatalyst has broad application prospects in solar cell, sensor, antibacterial, catalysis and nanotechnology.

Keywords Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow sphere Ostwald ripening microcalorimetric method antibacterial and photocatalytic performance

Corresponding Author(s): Zhihong JING

Online First Date: 03 January 2020 Issue Date: 05 March 2020

Cite this article:

Zhihong JING,Xiue LIU,Yan DU, et al. Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow sphere composites[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(1): 1-13.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-020-0491-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2020/V14/I1/1

Fig.1 XRD patterns of hollow spherical TiO₂ before calcination (a), hollow spherical TiO₂ after calcination (b), AgI/TiO₂ (c), and Ag/AgI/TiO₂ (d). The insert shows XRD patterns of Ag.

Fig.2 SEM images of (a) hollow spherical TiO₂ before calcination (the insert showing the EDX spectrum of TiO₂), (b) hollow spherical TiO₂ after calcination, (c) AgI/TiO₂, (d) Ag/AgI/TiO₂, and (e) the selected individual hollow spherical Ag/AgI/TiO₂. Elemental mapping images of (f) Ti, (g) O, (h) I and (i) Ag of the hollow spherical Ag/AgI/TiO₂.

Fig.3 HRTEM images of the hollow spherical Ag/AgI/TiO₂.

Fig.4 The growth mechanism of the anatase TiO₂ hollow sphere, AgI/TiO₂ and Ag/AgI/TiO₂.

Fig.5 UV-vis absorption spectra of various samples.

Fig.6 N₂ adsorption?desorption isotherms and corresponding BJH pore size distribution plots (inset) of (a) TiO₂, (b) AgI/TiO₂ and (c) Ag/AgI/TiO₂.

Tab.1 Summary of the textural properties of all samples

Fig.7 Metabolic power?time curves of the exponential stage of E. coli of (a) TiO₂, (b) AgI/TiO₂ and (c) Ag/AgI/TiO₂ at different concentrations: 0 mg·mL⁻¹ (i); 0.0050 mg·mL⁻¹ (ii); 0.0100 mg·mL⁻¹ (iii); 0.0150 mg·mL⁻¹ (iv); 0.0200 mg·mL⁻¹ (v); 0.0250 mg·mL⁻¹ (vi); 0.0300 mg·mL⁻¹ (vii); 0.0350 mg·mL⁻¹ (viii).

Tab.2 MIC of E. coli and values of m at different concentrations and fitting equations (m?c) for three samples

Fig.8 Predicted growth inhibition mechanism of strain E. coli.

Fig.9 Photocatalytic activity of RhB degradation for three samples: (a) under irradiated visible light and (b) under irradiated UV light with the inserts showing Ag/AgI/TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation images (a, sample every 10 min; b, sample every 40 min). The first order kinetic plots: (c) under irradiated visible light and (d) under irradiated UV light.

Tab.3 Photocatalytic degradation activity and kinetic rate constant k of all samples for RhB under visible light and UV irradiation

Fig.10 The schematic diagram of the photocatalytic reaction mechanism.

Fig.11 Cyclic experiments on photocatalytic degradation of RhB by Ag/AgI/TiO₂ under visible light irradiation.

Fig. S1 The metabolic power?time curves of the exponential stage of E. Coli of P25 TiO₂ at different concentrations: 0 (i); 0.0050 mg·mL⁻¹ (ii); 0.0100 mg·mL^-1 (iii); 0.0150 mg·mL⁻¹ (iv); 0.0200 mg·mL⁻¹ (v); 0.0250 mg·mL⁻¹ (vi); 0.0300 mg·mL⁻¹ (vii); 0.0305 mg·mL⁻¹ (viii).

Fig. S2 The photodegradation activities of different dyes under visible light and UV irradiation.

Fig. S3 The photodegradation activity for RhB in the presence of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ (no scavenger) and the scavenger BQ, TBA and AO under visible light irradiation: (a) photocatalytic degradation activity; (b) kinetic rate constant k.

Fig. S4 HRTEM images of (a) TiO₂ and (b) AgI/TiO₂?hollow spheres.

Table S1 Photocatalytic degradation activity and kinetic rate constant k of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ for various dyes under visible light and UV irradiation

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