Digital coding transmissive metasurface for multi-OAM-beam

doi:10.1007/s11467-022-1179-9

Front. Phys.

2022, Vol. 17

Issue (6) : 62501 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1179-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Digital coding transmissive metasurface for multi-OAM-beam

Si Jia Li^1,^2,³(

), Zhuo Yue Li¹, Guo Shai Huang¹, Xiao Bin Liu¹, Rui Qi Li², Xiang Yu Cao^1,³

¹. Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710077, China
². State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
³. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China

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Abstract

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a phenomenon of vortex phase distribution in free space, which has attracted enormous attention in theoretical research and practical application of wireless communication systems due to its characteristic of infinitely orthogonal modes. However, traditional methods generating OAM beams are bound to complex structure, large device, multiple layers, complex feed networks, and limited beams in microwave range. Here, a digital coding transmissive metasurface (DCTMS) with a single layer substrate and the bi-symmetrical arrow is proposed and designed to generate multi-OAM-beam based on Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase principle. The 3-bit phase response can be realized by encoding the geometric phase into rotation angle of unit cell for DCTMS. Additionally, the phase compensation of the metasurface is introduced to achieve the beam focusing and the conversion from spherical wave to plane wave. According to the digital convolution theorem, the far-field patterns and near-field distributions of multi-OAM-beam withl= −2 modes are adequately demonstrated by DCTMS prototypes. The OAM efficiency and the purity are calculated to demonstrate the excellent multi-OAM-beam. The simulated and experimental results illustrate their performance of OAM beams. The designed DCTMS has profound application in multi-platform wireless communication systems and the multi-channel imaging systems.

Keywords transmissive metasurface orbital angular momentum Pancharatnam−Berry phase multi-beam phase compensation

Corresponding Author(s): Si Jia Li

Issue Date: 28 July 2022

Cite this article:

Si Jia Li,Zhuo Yue Li,Guo Shai Huang, et al. Digital coding transmissive metasurface for multi-OAM-beam[J]. Front. Phys. , 2022, 17(6): 62501.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-022-1179-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2022/V17/I6/62501

Fig.1 Schematic of proposed DCTMS. (a) The visualized illustration of multi-OAM-beam of DCTMS with 40×40 coding unit cells. The single-OAM-beam, dual-OAM-beam and quad-OAM-beam with l =?2 mode are demonstrated by DCMTS with a linearly polarized horn antenna.(b) Perspective view of unit cell for DCTMS. (c) Bi-symmetrical arrow patches on the unit cell of DCTMS. (d) Bi-symmetrical arrow patches with rotating angle φ in u?v axis. (e) Schematic of 3bit digital coding elements for DCTMS.

Fig.2 The simulated results of PB phase for unit cell of DCTMS. (a) Amplitude and phase of transmissive coefficients with x- and y-polarized incident waves. (b) Amplitude of transmissive coefficients with different rotating angles for elements in LHCP and RHCP incident waves. (c, d) Phase of transmissive coefficients with different coding particles in LHCP and RHCP incidences.

Fig.3 Multi-OAM-beam with ?2 mode for DCTMS. (a) Coding patterns of single-OAM-beam. (b) Coding patterns of dual-OAM-beam. (c) Coding patterns of quad-OAM-beam. (d) The coordinate system of DCTMS with horn antenna.

Fig.4 Simulated magnitude and phase distributions of OAM beams. (a) Simulated magnitude and phase distributions of single-beam for OAM in spherical coordinate system. (b) Simulated magnitude and phase distributions of dual-beam for OAM in spherical coordinate system. (c) Simulated magnitude and phase distributions of quad-beam for OAM in spherical coordinate system.

Fig.5 The simulated results of near electric fields in 9.3 GHz. (a) Schematic of detection plane for quad-OAM-beam. (b, d, f) Simulated magnitude distributions of near electric fields in the perpendicular plane for one beam of DCTMS with single-OAM-beam, dual-OAM-beam and quad-OAM-beam. (c, e, g) Simulated phase distributions of near electric fields in the perpendicular plane for one beam of DCTMS with single-OAM-beam, dual-OAM-beam and quad-OAM-beam.

Fig.6 Prototype of DCTMS for measurement environment in a microwave anechoic chamber. (a) The far-field measurement environment. (b) Near-field measurement environment.

Fig.7 Multi-OAM-beam with ?2 mode for DCTMS. (a) Simulated far-field patterns of single-OAM-beam. (b) Simulated far-field patterns of dual-OAM-beam. (c) Simulated far-field patterns of quad-OAM-beam.

Fig.8 Experimental and simulated results of DCTMS at 9.3 GHz. (a) Experimental and simulated far-field radiation patterns of single-OAM-beam. (b) Experimental and simulated far-field radiation patterns of dual-OAM-beam. (c, d) Experimental and simulated far-field radiation patterns of quad-OAM-beam when the azimuth angles areφ = 45° and φ = 135° respectively. (e, g, i) Experimental near-field magnitude distributions of single-OAM-beam, dual-OAM-beam and quad-OAM-beam with ?2 mode at 9.3 GHz. (f, h, j) Experimental near-field phase distributions of single-OAM-beam, dual-OAM-beam and quad-OAM-beam with ?2 mode at 9.3 GHz.

Fig.9 Experimental and simulated spectrums of OAM purity and OAM efficiency for proposed trasnsmissive metasurface with different beams at 9.3GHz. (a) Spectrums of OAM purity for DCTMS with single-OAM-beam. (b) Spectrums of OAM purity for DCTMS with dual-OAM-beam. (c) Spectrums of OAM purity for DCTMS with quad-OAM-beam. (d) The OAM efficiency of single-OAM-beam, dual-OAM-beam and quad-OAM-beam.

Tab.1 Function comparison between our design with others in the literature.

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