Resiliency of steel and composite structures

doi:10.1007/s11709-016-0349-7

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (3) : 239-253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-016-0349-7

REVIEW

Resiliency of steel and composite structures

Roberto T. LEON(

),Yu GAO²

¹. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
². HOK, New York, NY 10018, USA

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Abstract

This paper is divided into two parts. The first part addresses the resiliency and sustainability of steel and composite structures from a fundamental standpoint, and it is intended as an introduction to the other six papers that form part of this issue related to resiliency of steel structural systems in seismic areas. The paper posits the idea that resiliency is a characteristic that embodies sustainability rather than the traditional opposite point of view. The second part of the paper is divided into two sections, with the first section describing a number of retrofit technologies with recentering characteristics that have been developed for small, seismically deficient buildings in developing countries. The second section describes an innovative connection between circular concrete filled tubes and conventional beams with reduced flange sections consisting of steel and shape memory alloy bars and end plates. The connection has partial restraint behavior and strong recentering properties. This connection is used to demonstrate that some creative thinking can lead to innovative ways of addressing issues related to robustness, resiliency and sustainability of steel structures.

Keywords steel structures resiliency sustainability recentering systems shape memory alloys

Corresponding Author(s): Roberto T. LEON

Online First Date: 10 August 2016 Issue Date: 25 October 2016

Cite this article:

Roberto T. LEON,Yu GAO. Resiliency of steel and composite structures[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2016, 10(3): 239-253.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-016-0349-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2016/V10/I3/239

Fig.1 Number of damaging earthquakes disaggregated by Human Development Index (HDI) (http://earthquake-report.com/damaging-earthquakes-2012)

Fig.2 Effect of resources on resiliency

Fig.3 World steel production and utilization

Fig.4 Development of sustainable structural systems (© R. DesRoches, GT)

Fig.5 Partial shear wall: (a) Overall view; (b) hysteretic behavior; (c) finite element model

Fig.6 CORE damper. (a) Overall concept; (b) hysteretic behavior

Fig.7 Articulated Quadrilateral. (a) Overall concept; (b) hysteretic behavior

Fig.8 Stress-strain characteristics of a shape-memory alloy

Fig.9 SMA brace system. (a) Overall view; (b) hysteretic behavior

Fig.10 Hybrid bracing system. (a) Overall concept; (b) layout of SMA cables: (c) hysteretic behavior

Fig.11 Re-centering truss beam proposed by Darling [29]

Fig.12 Rocking foundation re-centering system [30]

Fig.13 3D view of PR recentering connection

Fig.14 Innovative PR re-centering connection. (a) Overall 3D view; (b) details of connection

Fig.15 Load histories used in studies of PR re-centering connection. (a) Loading history 1; (b) loading history 2

Fig.16 Connection behavior due to displacement history 1

Fig.17 Connection behavior due to displacement history 2

Fig.18 Strength backbone curves

Fig.19 Stiffness during different stages of the displacement histories

Fig.20 Typical roof drift comparison for conventional and innovative (SC-Gaps) connection

Fig.21 Median of the maximum story residual drift under 44 DBE level ground motions

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