Influencing factors and control measures of excavation on adjacent bridge foundation based on analytic hierarchy process and finite element method

doi:10.1007/s11709-021-0705-0

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (2) : 461-477 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-021-0705-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Influencing factors and control measures of excavation on adjacent bridge foundation based on analytic hierarchy process and finite element method

Shuangxi FENG¹, Huayang LEI^1,^2,³(

), Yongfeng WAN¹, Haiyan JIN⁴, Jun HAN⁴

¹. Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
². Coast Civil Structure Safety of Education Ministry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
³. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Simulation of Engineering Earthquake and Urban-rural Seismic Resilience, CEA, Tianjin 300354, China
⁴. China Railway 16th Bureau Group the 5th Engineering Co., LTD, Tangshan 064000, China

Download: PDF(3476 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Many uncertain factors in the excavation process may lead to excessive lateral displacement or over-limited internal force of the piles, as well as inordinate settlement of soil surrounding the existing bridge foundation. Safety control is pivotal to ensuring the safety of adjacent structures. In this paper, an innovative method is proposed that combines an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with a finite element method (FEM) to reveal the potential impact risk of uncertain factors on the surrounding environment. The AHP was adopted to determine key influencing factors based on the weight of each influencing factor. The FEM was used to quantify the impact of the key influencing factors on the surrounding environment. In terms of the AHP, the index system of uncertain factors was established based on an engineering investigation. A matrix comparing the lower index layer to the upper index layer, and the weight of each influencing factor, were calculated. It was found that the excavation depth and the distance between the foundation pit and the bridge foundation were fundamental factors. For the FEM, the FE baseline model was calibrated based on the case of no bridge surrounding the foundation pit. The consistency between the monitoring data and the numerical simulation data for a ground settlement was analyzed. FE simulations were then conducted to quantitatively analyze the degree of influence of the key influencing factors on the bridge foundation. Furthermore, the lateral displacement of the bridge pile foundation, the internal force of the piles, and the settlement of the soil surrounding the pile foundation were emphatically analyzed. The most hazardous construction condition was also determined. Finally, two safety control measures for increasing the numbers of support levels and the rooted depths of the enclosure structure were suggested. A novel method for combining AHP with FEM can be used to determine the key influencing aspects among many uncertain factors during a construction, which can provide some beneficial references for engineering design and construction.

Keywords deep foundation pit excavation adjacent bridge foundation influencing factors analytic hierarchy process finite element

Corresponding Author(s): Huayang LEI

Just Accepted Date: 18 March 2021 Online First Date: 22 April 2021 Issue Date: 27 May 2021

Cite this article:

Shuangxi FENG,Huayang LEI,Yongfeng WAN, et al. Influencing factors and control measures of excavation on adjacent bridge foundation based on analytic hierarchy process and finite element method[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 461-477.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-021-0705-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2021/V15/I2/461

Fig.1 Index system determined by AHP.

Tab.1 Total ranking of influencing factors

Fig.2 Layout drawing of engineering project.

Fig.3 Layout of the steel sheet pile support structure of the foundation pit: (a) support structure facade layout; (b) support structure layout.

Fig.4 Deformation development of steel sheet pile under different construction steps.

Fig.5 FE model baseline of foundation pit.

Tab.2 Parameters of each soil layer

Tab.3 Parameters of enclosure structure and internal support system

Fig.6 Deformation contour of foundation pit: (a) excavation depth to 1 m; (b) support at 0.5 m; (c) excavation depth to 3.5 m; (d) support at 3 m; (e) excavation depth to 6 m.

Fig.7 Deformation of steel sheet pile compared with measured value and predicted value.

Tab.4 Numerical simulation plan

Fig.8 Model established by FE considering the key influencing factors.

Fig.9 Influenced zone of excavation considering the key influencing factors: (a) excavation depth of 9 m and distance of 2.5 m; (b) excavation depth of 9 m and distance of 5.0 m; (c) excavation depth of 9 m and distance of 7.5 m; (d) excavation depth of 5.0 m and distance of 2.5 m; (e) excavation depth of 7.5 m and distance of 2.5 m; (f) excavation depth of 9.0 m and distance of 2.5 m.

Fig.10 Lateral displacement of the pile in X-direction under different excavation depths for different distances from foundation pit to bridge foundation: (a) distances of 2.5 m; (b) distances of 5 m; (c) distances of 7.5 m.

Tab.5 Maximum internal force under excavation depths and distances between foundation pit and bridge foundation

Fig.11 Settlement of soil around pile foundation under different excavation depths for different distances from foundation pit to bridge foundation: (a) distances of 2.5 m; (b) distances of 5 m; (c) distances of 7.5 m.

Fig.12 Lateral displacement of the pile in X-direction under different support level numbers.

Tab.6 Maximum internal force under different support numbers and rooted depths of enclosure structures

Fig.13 Settlement of soil around pile foundation under different support level numbers.

Fig.14 Lateral displacement of the pile in X-direction under different rooted depths of the enclosure structure.

Tab.7 Maximum internal force under different support numbers and rooted depths of enclosure structures

Fig.15 Settlement of soil around the pile foundation under different rooted depths of the enclosure structure.

1	D S Liyanapathirana, R Nishanthan. Influence of deep excavation induced ground movements on adjacent piles. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2016, 52: 168–181 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.019
2	X Yan, Z Sun, S Li, R Liu, Q Zhang, Y Zhang. Quantitatively assessing the pre-grouting effect on the stability of tunnels excavated in fault zones with discontinuity layout optimization: A case study. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2019, 13(6): 1393–1404 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0563-1
3	H Lei, S Feng, Y Jiang. Geotechnical characteristics and consolidation properties of Tianjin marine clay. Geomechanics and Engineering, 2018, 16(2): 125–140
4	Z Ding, J Jin, T Han. Analysis of the zoning excavation monitoring data of a narrow and deep foundation pit in a soft soil area. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2018, 15(4): 1231–1241 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2140/aaadd2
5	J Wang, X Liu, J Liu, L Wu, Q Guo, Q Yang. Dewatering of a 32.55 m deep foundation pit in MAMA under leakage risk conditions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2018, 22(8): 2784–2801 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1950-6
6	A Valipour, N Yahaya, N Md Noor, J Antuchevičienė, J Tamošaitienė. Hybrid SWARA-COPRAS method for risk assessment in deep foundation excavation project: An Iranian case study. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2017, 23(4): 524–532 https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1281842
7	M Khosravi, M H Khosravi, S H Ghoreishi Najafabadi. Determining the portion of dewatering-induced settlement in excavation pit projects. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018 (in press) https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2018.1467858
8	P Jongpradist, T Kaewsri, A Sawatparnich, S Suwansawat, S Youwai, W Kongkitkul, J Sunitsakul. Development of tunneling influence zones for adjacent pile foundations by numerical analyses. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2013, 34: 96–109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.11.005
9	F Zeng, Z Zhang, J Wang, M Li. Observed performance of two adjacent and concurrently excavated deep foundation pits in soft clay. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2018, 32(4): 04018040 (in Chinese) https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001184
10	H Lei, S Feng, Y Wan, R Jia, J Han, H Jin. Influence law and safety measures of foundation pit excavation on existing railway subgrade in tidal flat areas. Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology), 2019, 52(9): 969–978 (in Chinese) https://doi.org/10.11784/tdxbz201809001
11	S Zhou, T Rabczuk, X Zhuang. Phase field modeling of quasi-static and dynamic crack propagation: COMSOL implementation and case studies. Advances in Engineering Software, 2018, 122: 31–49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2018.03.012
12	S Zhou, X Zhuang, T Rabczuk. A phase-field modeling approach of fracture propagation in poroelastic media. Engineering Geology, 2018, 240: 189–203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.008
13	G Liu, X Hou. Residual stress method on rebound deformation of excavation in soft ground. Underground Engineering and Tunnels, 1996, 2(1): 1–7
14	P Hsieh, C Ou, C Shih. A simplified plane strain analysis of lateral wall deflection for excavations with cross walls. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2012, 49(10): 1134–1146 https://doi.org/10.1139/t2012-071
15	P Hsieh, C Ou, Y Lin. Three-dimensional numerical analysis of deep excavations with cross walls. Acta Geotechnica, 2013, 8(1): 33–48 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-012-0181-8
16	I Ahmad, M Tayyab, M Zaman, M N Anjum, X Dong. Finite-difference numerical simulation of dewatering system in a large deep foundation pit at Taunsa Barrage, Pakistan. Sustainability, 2019, 11(3): 694 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030694
17	X Zhuang, S Zhou, M Sheng, G Li. On the hydraulic fracturing in naturally-layered porous media using the phase field method. Engineering Geology, 2020, 266: 105306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105306
18	J Wang, H Xiang, J Yan. Numerical simulation of steel sheet pile support structures in foundation pit excavation. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 19(4): 05019002 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001373
19	G Zheng, F Wang, Y Du, Y Diao, Y Lei, X Cheng. The efficiency of the ability of isolation piles to control the deformation of tunnels adjacent to excavations. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2018, 16(10): 1475–1490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-018-0335-7
20	S Zhou, X Zhuang, T Rabczuk. Phase-field modeling of fluid-driven dynamic cracking in porous media. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2019, 350: 169–198 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.03.001
21	L Li, J Huang, B Han. Centrifugal investigation of excavation adjacent to existing composite foundation. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2018, 32(4): 04018044 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001188
22	S Kok, B Huat. Numerical modeling of laterally loaded piles. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008, 5(10): 1403–1408 https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2008.1403.1408
23	C Wang, S Yan, Q Zhang. Study of influence of deep pit excavation on adjacent bridge foundation piles. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(S1): 2994–3000
24	A Zhang, H Mo, A Li. Two-stage analysis method for behavior of adjacent piles due to foundation pit excavation. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 3(S1): 2746–2750
25	G Zheng, X Yang, H Zhou, Y Du, J Sun, X Yu. A simplified prediction method for evaluating tunnel displacement induced by laterally adjacent excavations. Computers and Geotechnics, 2018, 95: 119–128 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.10.006
26	J Shi, J Wei, C Ng, H Lu. Stress transfer mechanisms and settlement of a floating pile due to adjacent multi-propped deep excavation in dry sand. Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, 116: 103216 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103216
27	J Wu, L Wang, Q Cheng. Soil arching effect of lattice-shaped diaphragm wall as bridge foundation. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2017, 11(4): 446–454 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-017-0397-7
28	L Tong, Q Guo, H Che, M Zhang, H Pan, H Li. Investigation of rebar exposure issues of diaphragm wall and influencing factors analysis. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019, 23(4): 1522–1536 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1443-x
29	M Li, J Chen, J Wang, Y Zhu. Comparative study of construction methods for deep excavations above shield tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2018, 71: 329–339 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.09.014
30	Y Peng, L Wu, Q Zuo, C Chen, Y Hao. Risk assessment of water inrush in tunnel through water-rich fault based on AHP-Cloud model. Geomatics, Natural Hazards & Risk, 2020, 11(1): 301–317 https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2020.1722760
31	C Kuo, L. Chao AHP model for evaluation of pile installation methods. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2017, 858: 67–72 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.858.67
32	P Kayastha, M R Dhital, F De Smedt. Application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for landslide susceptibility mapping: A case study from the Tinau watershed, west Nepal. Computers & Geosciences, 2013, 52: 398–408 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.11.003
33	B Indraratna, M Kan, D Potts, C Rujikiatkamjorn, S Sloan. Analytical solution and numerical simulation of vacuum consolidation by vertical drains beneath circular embankments. Computers and Geotechnics, 2016, 80: 83–96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.06.008
34	R F Obrzud. On the use of the hardening soil small strain model in geotechnical practice. Numerics in Geotechnics and Structures, 2010, 16: 1–17
35	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China. Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB50010-2010). Beijing: China Communications Press, 2015 (in Chinese)
36	Y Ding, J Wang. Numerical modeling of ground response during diaphragm wall construction. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), 2008, 13(4): 385–390 (in Chinese) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-008-0385-0

[1]	Diego Maria BARBIERI, Inge HOFF, Chun-Hsing HO. Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxial tests[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 412-424.
[2]	Zhouyan XIA, Jan-Willem G. VAN DE KUILEN, Andrea POLASTRI, Ario CECCOTTI, Minjuan HE. Influence of core stiffness on the behavior of tall timber buildings subjected to wind loads[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 213-226.
[3]	Mohammad Ali NAGHSH, Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Behnam KARAMI, Timon RABCZUK, Arshia SHISHEGARAN, Hamed TAGHAVIZADEH, Mehdi MORADI. An innovative model for predicting the displacement and rotation of column-tree moment connection under fire[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 194-212.
[4]	Yi RUI, Nicholas de BATTISTA, Cedric KECHAVARZI, Xiaomin XU, Mei YIN. Distributed fiber optic monitoring of a CFA pile with a central reinforcement bar bundle[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 167-176.
[5]	Alireza GHAVIDEL, Mohsen RASHKI, Hamed GHOHANI ARAB, Mehdi AZHDARY MOGHADDAM. Reliability mesh convergence analysis by introducing expanded control variates[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 1012-1023.
[6]	Iman FATTAHI, Hamid Reza MIRDAMADI, Hamid ABDOLLAHI. Application of consistent geometric decomposition theorem to dynamic finite element of 3D composite beam based on experimental and numerical analyses[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 675-689.
[7]	Rwayda Kh. S. AL-HAMD, Martin GILLIE, Safaa Adnan MOHAMAD, Lee S. CUNNINGHAM. Influence of loading ratio on flat slab connections at elevated temperature: A numerical study[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 664-674.
[8]	Yi RUI, Mei YIN. Finite element modeling of thermo-active diaphragm walls[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 646-663.
[9]	Mohammad Abubakar NAVEED, Zulfiqar ALI, Abdul QADIR, Umar Naveed LATIF, Saad HAMID, Umar SARWAR. Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 501-517.
[10]	Lingyun YOU, Kezhen YAN, Nengyuan LIU. Assessing artificial neural network performance for predicting interlayer conditions and layer modulus of multi-layered flexible pavement[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 487-500.
[11]	Farhoud KALATEH, Farideh HOSSEINEJAD. Uncertainty assessment in hydro-mechanical-coupled analysis of saturated porous medium applying fuzzy finite element method[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 387-410.
[12]	Weihua FANG, Jiangfei WU, Tiantang YU, Thanh-Tung NGUYEN, Tinh Quoc BUI. Simulation of cohesive crack growth by a variable-node XFEM[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(1): 215-228.
[13]	Michaela GKANTOU, Marios THEOFANOUS, Charalampos BANIOTOPOULOS. A numerical study of prestressed high strength steel tubular members[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(1): 10-22.
[14]	Jordan CARTER, Aikaterini S. GENIKOMSOU. Investigation on modeling parameters of concrete beams reinforced with basalt FRP bars[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(6): 1520-1530.
[15]	Fei GAO, Zhiqiang TANG, Biao HU, Junbo CHEN, Hongping ZHU, Jian MA. Investigation of the interior RC beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(6): 1474-1494.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed