Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

doi:10.1007/s11709-022-0912-3

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (6) : 884-900 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-022-0912-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

Huai-Na WU^1,^2,³, Lei LIU^1,^2,³, Yuan LIU^1,^2,³(

), Ren-Peng CHEN^1,^2,³, Hai-Lin WANG⁴, Shi-Qiang RUAN^1,⁴, Meng FAN^1,³

¹. Research Center of Underground Space Advanced Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
². Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
³. Department of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
⁴. Hunan Provincial Communications Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410082, China

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Abstract

Groundwater leakage in shield tunnels poses a threat to the safety and durability of tunnel structures. Disturbance of adjacent constructions during the operation of shield tunnels frequently occurs in China, leading to deformation of tunnel lining and leakage in joints. Understanding the impact of adjacent constructions on the waterproofing performance of the lining is critical for the protection of shield tunnels. In this study, the weakening behavior of waterproof performance was investigated in the joints of shield tunnels under transverse deformation induced by adjacent construction. First, the relationship between the joint opening and transverse deformation under three typical adjacent constructions (upper loading, upper excavation, and side excavation) was investigated via elaborate numerical simulations. Subsequently, the evolution of the waterproof performance of a common gasket with a joint opening was examined by establishing a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model of joint seepage, and a formula describing the relationship between waterproof performance and joint opening was proposed. Finally, the weakening law of waterproofing performance was investigated based on the results of the aforementioned studies. It was determined that the joints with the greatest decline in waterproof performance were located at the tunnel shoulder in the upper loading case, tunnel crown in the upper excavation case, and tunnel shoulder in the side excavation case. When the waterproof performance of these joints decreased to 50% and 30%, the transverse deformations were 60 and 90 mm under upper loading, 90 and 140 mm under upper excavation, and 45 and 70 mm under side excavation, respectively. The results provide a straightforward reference for setting a controlled deformation standard considering the waterproof performance.

Keywords shield tunnel waterproof performance horizontal transverse deformation joint opening weakening behavior

Corresponding Author(s): Yuan LIU

About author:

^* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Online First Date: 27 July 2023 Issue Date: 30 August 2023

Cite this article:

Huai-Na WU,Lei LIU,Yuan LIU, et al. Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2023, 17(6): 884-900.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-022-0912-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2023/V17/I6/884

Fig.1 Transverse deformation of segmental ring and leakage under the disturbance from adjacent construction: (a) upper loading; (b) upper excavation; (c) side excavation.

Fig.2 Deformation of longitudinal joints.

Fig.3 Geometry of segmental rings: (a) plan view; (b) cross section.

Fig.4 3D finite element model of segmental ring.

saturated unit weight $γ s a t$ (kN/m³)	Young’s modulus E (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio ν	effective cohesion force C (kPa)	friction angle $φ$ (° )
17.8	13.4	0.4	14.0	14.5

Tab.1 Soil parameters

parameter	value	parameter	value
mass density ρ (kg/m³)	2420	f_b0/f_c0	1.16
Young’s modulus E (GPa)	34.5	$∈$	0.1
Poisson’s ratio ν	0.2	σ_cf (MPa)	32.4
dilation angle ψ (° )	38	ε_c0 (× 10^?6)	379.2
invariant stress ratio K_c	0.667	σ_tf (MPa)	2.64
viscosity parameter μ	0.0005	ε_t0 (× 10^?6)	75.1

Tab.2 Parameters of concrete damaged plasticity model for concrete C50

project	grade	constitutive model	mass density ρ (kg/m³)	Young’s modulus E (GPa)	Poisson’s ratio ν	yield strength $σ s$ (MPa)
bent bolt	8.8 grade	ideal elastic–plastic model	7850	200	0.30	640
rebars	HRB400	ideal elastic–plastic model	7850	200	0.30	400
rebars	HPB300	ideal elastic–plastic model	7850	200	0.30	300

Tab.3 Parameters of bent bolt and rebar

Tab.4 Interaction parameters between the numerical model

Fig.5 Loading condition of numerical model: (a) upper loading; (b) upper excavation; (c) side excavation.

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of extracting joint opening in a numerical model.

Fig.7 Tunnel deformation: (a) upper loading; (b) upper excavation; (c) side excavation.

Fig.8 Relationship between joint opening and horizontal transverse deformation: (a) upper unloading; (b) upper excavation; (c) side excavation.

Fig.9 Model size of gasket and groove (unit: mm).

Fig.10 Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model of water seepage.

Tab.5 Parameters of the rubber gasket

Fig.11 Contact stress along the contact surface between gaskets.

Fig.12 Average contact stress along the contact surface between gaskets.

Fig.13 Seepage process.

Fig.14 Stress distribution of contact path in seepage process: (a) Stage A; (b) Stage B; (c) Stage C; (d) Stage D.

Fig.15 Variation in the waterproof performance with different joint openings.

joint opening (mm)	$θ +$ (° )
1	0.19
2	0.39
3	0.58
4	0.78
5	0.97
6	1.17
7	1.36
8	1.55
9	1.75
10	1.94

Tab.6 Relationship between joint opening and rotation angle

Tab.7 Comparison of waterproof capacity with and without rotation

Fig.16 Comparison of waterproof performance with and without rotation.

Fig.17 Curves of waterproof performance of different joints with transverse deformation and rubber hardness: (a) upper loading; (b) upper excavation; (c) side excavation.

Tab.8 Summary of degradation of joint waterproof performance induced by adjacent construction

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