Apoptotic regulation and tRNA

doi:10.1007/s13238-010-0107-x

Prot Cell

2010, Vol. 1

Issue (9) : 795-801 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-010-0107-x PMID: 21113408

MINI-REVIEW

Apoptotic regulation and tRNA

Yide Mei¹, Aaron Stonestrom¹, Ya-Ming Hou², Xiaolu Yang¹(

)

1. Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA

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Abstract

Apoptotic regulation is critical to organismal homeostasis and protection against many human disease processes such as cancer. Significant research efforts over the past several decades have illuminated many signaling molecules and effecter proteins responsible for this form of programmed cell death. Recent evidence suggests that transfer RNA (tRNA) regulates apoptotic sensitivity at the level of cytochrome c-mediated apoptosome formation. This finding unexpectedly places tRNA at the nexus of cellular biosynthesis and survival. Here we review the current understanding of both the apoptotic machinery and tRNA biology. We describe the evidence linking tRNA and cytochrome c in depth, and speculate on the implications of this link in cell biology.

Keywords apoptotic regulation tRNA cytochrome c

Corresponding Author(s): Yang Xiaolu,Email:xyang@mail.med.upenn.edu

Issue Date: 01 September 2010

Cite this article:

Yide Mei,Aaron Stonestrom,Ya-Ming Hou, et al. Apoptotic regulation and tRNA[J]. Prot Cell, 2010, 1(9): 795-801.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/10.1007/s13238-010-0107-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/Y2010/V1/I9/795

Fig.1 Sequence and structure of tRNA: (left) the cloverleaf secondary structure and (right) the L-shaped tertiary structure.

Fig.2 Cytochrome c-mediated caspase activation.
Intracellular apoptotic stimuli provoke the release of cytochrome (cyt. ) from mitochondria to the cytosol (A), where it binds to Apaf-1 (B) promoting the assembly of Apaf-1 into the heptameric apoptosome (C). The apoptosome recruits and oligomerizes the precursors of caspase-9 (Casp9), leading to its auto-proteolytic processing (D). Mature caspase-9 then activates procaspase-3 (pro-Casp3) through trans-cleavage (E). tRNA binds to cytochrome and prevents its interaction with Apaf-1.

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