Fungi dominate denitrification when Chinese milk vetch green manure is used in paddy soil

doi:10.1007/s42832-020-0064-0

Soil Ecology Letters

2022, Vol. 4

Issue (2) : 155-163 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0064-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Fungi dominate denitrification when Chinese milk vetch green manure is used in paddy soil

Minghe Jiang, Luan Zhang(

), Ming Liu, Han Qiu, Shungui Zhou

Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

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Abstract

• We evaluated effects of fungi on N₂O emission in Chinese milk vetch-containing soils.

• Fungi to contributed to soil N₂O production in CMV-amended soils.

• Fungi accounted for 56% of N₂O emission in CMV-amended soils.

• Fungi may be important contributors to N₂O production in CMV-amended soils.

Fungi play an important role in soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission in many agricultural soil systems. However, the effect of fungi on N₂O emission in Chinese milk vetch (CMV)-containing soils has not been examined sufficiently. This study investigated the contribution of bacteria and fungi to soil N₂O emission in CMV-amended soils. We compared soils from an experimental field in the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences that had been treated with 30 000 kg of CMV per 667 m² per year with one that was not treated with CMV. We incubated soil using cycloheximide and streptomycin to differentiate fungal and bacterial N₂O emissions, respectively. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to investigate bacterial and fungal abundances in the two agricultural soil ecosystems. The contribution of fungi to soil N₂O emission in CMV-amended soils was greater than that in non-CMV-amended paddy soils, with fungi accounting for more than 56% of the emissions in CMV-amended soils. Quantitative PCR showed that the ratio of the internal transcribed spacer to 16S rDNA was significantly higher in CMV-amended soils than in non-CMV-amended paddy soils. Furthermore, soil properties, such as pH (P<0.05) and NH₄⁺ concentration (P<0.05), significantly and negatively affected N₂O emission by fungi in soil, whereas the total organic carbon (P<0.05) and NO₃^- concentration (P<0.05) showed significant positive effects. Fungi may be important contributors to N₂O production in CMV-amended soils, which may create challenges for mitigating N₂O production.

Keywords Fungi Bacteria Nitrous oxide Chinese milk vetch Paddy soil

Corresponding Author(s): Luan Zhang

Online First Date: 25 November 2020 Issue Date: 07 March 2022

Cite this article:

Minghe Jiang,Luan Zhang,Ming Liu, et al. Fungi dominate denitrification when Chinese milk vetch green manure is used in paddy soil[J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2022, 4(2): 155-163.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/10.1007/s42832-020-0064-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/Y2022/V4/I2/155

Tab.1 Physicochemical properties of two types of paddy soil before incubation of the microcosms.

Fig.1 Effects of treatments of antibiotics on soil N₂O or CO₂ flux rates at 4, 12, and 28 days of soil sample incubation. Data are presented as the mean values with standard errors (n≥3).

Fig.2 Effects of different antibiotic treatments on the proportions of fungal (fungi %) or bacterial (bacteria %) contributions to gas emissions, fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios (F: B), and inhibitor additivity (IAR). Error bars represent standard error for n = 9 (i.e., replicates × 3 sampling times). * and ** indicate significant differences between the two treatments at α = 0.05 and 0.001, respectively.

Fig.3 Gene copy numbers of the 16S rDNA and ITS region of rDNA and ratios of ITS to 16S rDNA copy number. Error bars represent the standard error for n = 3. * and ** indicate significant differences between the two treatments at α = 0.05 and 0.001, respectively.

Fig.4 Relationships among soil properties and nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions based on Principal Component Analysis. Soil attributes are indicated by arrows and treatment groups are indicated by dots.

Fig.5 Path analysis of microbial abundance in relation to nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, carbon dioxide (CO₂) respiration, and soil properties. Each box represents a variable: measured or constructs. The fungal and bacterial contribution to N₂O fluxes and CO₂ respiration were used to create the variables and are shown in the dashed rectangle. Path coefficients are reﬂected by the width of the arrow. The blue and red colors indicate positive and negative effects, respectively. Dashed arrows indicate that coefficients did not diﬀer signiﬁcantly (P>0.05).

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