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Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production |
Supriyono SUWITO1,2, Giuliano DRAGONE1(), Hary SULISTYO2, Bardi MURACHMAN2, Suryo PURWONO2, José TEIXEIRA1 |
1. Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; 2. Chemical Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia |
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Abstract A central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were used in order to investigate the individual and combined effects of the ethanol-to-oil ratio, H2SO4 concentration, temperature and time of reaction on the reduction of free fatty acid (FFA) in jatropha oil. A quadratic polynomial model relating the reaction variables with FFA reduction was developed, presenting a good coefficient of determination (R2= 0.893). For reducing FFA to less than 1%, the optimal combination was found to be 0.62 v·v-1 ethanol-to-oil ratio (14.9 v·v-1 ethanol-to-FFA ratio), 1.7% v·v-1 H2SO4 concentration, and 79 min reaction time at a reaction temperature of 54°C. These results are of great relevance to maximize methyl esters formation by transesterification using an alkaline catalyst.
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Keywords
biodiesel
biofuel
esterification
free fatty acids
jatropha curcas oil
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Corresponding Author(s):
DRAGONE Giuliano,Email:gdragone@deb.uminho.pt
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Issue Date: 05 June 2012
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