Surface modification of broom sorghum-based activated carbon via functionalization with triethylenetetramine and urea for CO<sub>2</sub>capture enhancement

doi:10.1007/s11705-017-1630-6

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (2) : 252-265 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1630-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Surface modification of broom sorghum-based activated carbon via functionalization with triethylenetetramine and urea for CO₂capture enhancement

Elaheh Mehrvarz, Ali A. Ghoreyshi(

), Mohsen Jahanshahi

Chemical Engineering Department, Babol University of Technology, Shariati Av., Babol, Mazandaran 47148-71167, Iran

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Abstract

A new type of activated carbon (AC) was synthesized using broom sorghum stalk as a low cost carbon source through chemical activation with H₃PO₄ and KOH. The AC obtained by KOH had the largest BET surface area of 1619 m²·g⁻¹ and the highest micropore volume of 0.671 cm³·g⁻¹. CO₂ adsorption was enhanced by functionalizing the AC with two different amines: triethylenetetramine (TETA) and urea. The structure of the prepared ACs was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and acid-base Boehm titration analyses. The adsorption behavior of CO₂ onto raw and amine-functionalized ACs was investigated in the temperature range of 288–308 K and pressures up to 25 bar. The amount of CO₂ uptake at 298 K and 1 bar achieved by AC-TETA and AC-urea was 3.22 and 2.33 mmol·g⁻¹which shows a 92% and 40% improvement compared to pristine AC (1.66 mmol·g⁻¹), respectively. Among different model isotherms used to describe the adsorption equilibria, Sips isotherm presented a perfect fit in all cases. Gas adsorption kinetic study revealed a fast kinetics of CO₂adsorption onto the ACs. The evaluation of the isosteric heat of adsorption demonstrated the exothermic nature of the CO₂ adsorption onto unmodified and modified samples.

Keywords activated carbon broom sorghum functionalization CO₂ capture

Corresponding Author(s): Ali A. Ghoreyshi

Just Accepted Date: 15 February 2017 Online First Date: 29 March 2017 Issue Date: 12 May 2017

Cite this article:

Elaheh Mehrvarz,Ali A. Ghoreyshi,Mohsen Jahanshahi. Surface modification of broom sorghum-based activated carbon via functionalization with triethylenetetramine and urea for CO₂capture enhancement[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(2): 252-265.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-017-1630-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2017/V11/I2/252

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the volumetric adsorption system. (1) pressure cell; (2) adsorption cell; (3,4) temperature probe; (5, 6) pressure transducer; (7,8) temperature digital indicator; (9,10) pressure digital indicator; (11) vacuum pump

Tab.1 Ultimate and proximate analysis of broom sorghum stalk

Fig.2 Adsorption/desorption isotherms of N₂ at 77 K for AC prepared with H₃PO₄ and KOH

Tab.2 Textural parameters of the prepared ACs

Fig.3 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of unmodified and modified broom stalks based activated carbon samples

Tab.3 Textural parameters of the unmodified and modified ACs

Fig.4 SEM of (a) raw AC, (b) oxidized AC, (c) AC-TETA and (d) AC-urea

Fig.5 FT-IR spectra of (a) raw AC, (b) oxidized AC, (c) AC-TETA and (d) AC-urea

Fig.6 TGA curves of AC before and after amine modification

Tab.4 Surface groups obtained from Boehm titrations.

Fig.7 Experimental adsorption data of raw AC at different temperatures along with Sips model isotherm

Fig.8 Experimental adsorption isotherm of AC-TETA and the predicted values by the Sips model at different temperatures

Fig.9 Comparison between experimental adsorption data of AC-urea and the Sips model isotherm in different temperatures

Tab.5 Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm constants for the adsorption of CO₂ on raw AC

Tab.6 Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherms constants for the adsorption of CO₂ on AC-TETA

Tab.7 Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm constants for the adsorption of CO₂ on AC-urea

Fig.10 Comparison of CO₂ adsorption capacities of raw and amine modified ACs at 298 K

Fig.11 Kinetics of CO₂ adsorption at 298 K and 10 bar by the pristine and amine-modified ACs

Tab.8 Constants of pseudo-first, second-order and nth-order kinetic models for the adsorption of CO2 on AC before and after amine functionalization

Fig.12 Isosteric heat of pristine and modified AC samples

Tab.9 Comparison of CO₂adsorption capacity of various amine functionalized adsorbents

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