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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2016, Vol. 10 Issue (1) : 85-92    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0689-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of sepiolite on stabilization remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its ecological evaluation
Yuebing SUN1,Dan ZHAO2,Yingming XU1,*(),Lin WANG1,Xuefeng LIANG1,Yue SHEN1
1. Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Abstract

Stabilization in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils has been gaining prominence because of its cost-effectiveness and rapid implementation. In this study, microbial properties such as microbial community and enzyme activities, chemical properties such as soil pH and metal fraction, and heavy metal accumulation in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were considered in assessing stabilization remediation effectiveness using sepiolite. Results showed that soil pH values increased with rising sepiolite concentration. Sequential extraction results indicated that the addition of sepiolite converted significant amounts of exchangeable fraction of Cd and Pb into residual form. Treatments of sepiolite were observed to reduce Cd and Pb translocation from the soil to the roots and shoots of spinach. Concentrations of Cd and Pb exhibited 12.6%–51.0% and 11.5%–46.0% reduction for the roots, respectively, and 0.9%–46.2% and 43.0%–65.8% reduction for the shoots, respectively, compared with the control group. Increase in fungi and actinomycete counts, as well as in catalase activities, indicated that soil metabolic recovery occurred after sepiolite treatments.
Keywords stabilization remediation      heavy metals      sepiolite      soil quality      spinach (Spinacia oleracea)     
Corresponding Author(s): Yingming XU   
Online First Date: 02 April 2014    Issue Date: 03 December 2015
 Cite this article:   
Yuebing SUN,Dan ZHAO,Yingming XU, et al. Effects of sepiolite on stabilization remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its ecological evaluation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(1): 85-92.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0689-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2016/V10/I1/85
sequence speciation extractant
fraction 1 water soluble plus exchangeable (SE) 8 mL of 1.0 mmol·L−1 MgCl2 at pH 7.0 for 1 h at 25°C
fraction 2 bound to carbonate orweakly specifically adsorbed (WSA) 8 mL of 1.0 mmol·L−1 NaAc adjusted to pH 5.0 with acetic acid for 5.0 h
fraction 3 bound to Fe-Mn oxides (OX) 20 mL of 0.04 mmol·L−1 NH2·HCl in 25% (v) acetic acid (pH 2.0) for 6.0 h at 96°C
fraction 4 bound to organic matter (OM) 3 mL of 30% H2O2 and 0.02 mol·L−1HNO3 (pH 2.0) for 2.0 h at 85°C, followed by 3 mL 30% (v) H2O2 (pH 2.0) for 3.0 h at 85°C and then 5 mL of 3.2 mmol·L−1 NH4Ac in 20% HNO3 diluted to 20 mL at room temperature for 0.5 h
fraction 5 residual (RES) the above four fractions subtracted from the total metal content
Tab.1  Sequence extraction processes of heavy metals in soil
sepiolite/% pH shoot dry weight Cd accumulation factor Pb accumulation factor bacteria / (107·g−1 soil) fungi/(105·g−1 soil) actinomycete/(106·g−1 soil)
shoot root shoot root
0 7.72±0.02d 2.69±0.05a 0.67 1.83 0.0076 0.0876 1.17a 2.25ab 1.05b
0.5 7.81±0.01c 2.49±0.08ab 0.66 1.60 0.0043 0.0775 0.76b 2.30ab 1.07b
1 7.85±0.00c 2.13±0.11cd 0.63 1.52 0.0035 0.0670 0.64bc 2.85a 1.44ab
3 7.92±0.02b 2.38±0.13bc 0.51 1.18 0.0031 0.0597 0.41c 2.05b 1.45ab
5% 8.03±0.02a 1.89±0.10d 0.36 0.90 0.0026 0.0473 0.29cd 2.00b 1.75a
Tab.2  Response of pH, Cd and Pb accumulation factor and microbial properties under different treatments
Fig.1  Cd (a) and Pb (b) distribution into separate fractions in the studied soils
Fig.2  Cd (a) and Pb (b) concentrations in edible part of spinach treated with sepiolite
Fig.3  Soil enzyme activities under different treatments of sepiolite
pH SE-Cd SE-Pb shoot biomass catalase urease invertase shoot Cd concentration shoot Pb concentration
pH 1 −0.79 −0.99** −0.99** 0.86 −0.97** −0.82 −0.83 −0.86
SE-Cd 1 0.85 0.72 −0.97** 0.87 0.48 0.96** 0.80
SE-Pb 1 0.96** −0.89* 0.99** 0.83 0.87 0.88*
shoot biomass 1 −0.83 0.94* 0.80 0.78 0.82
catalase 1 −0.90* −0.51 −0.92* −0.86
urease 1 0.83 0.86 0.92*
invertase 1 0.51 0.74
shoot Cd concentration 1 0.68
shoot Pb concentration 1
Tab.3  Correlation coefficients between pH, available metals, soil enzyme activities and biomass and metal concentration in spinach
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