Effects of eggshell addition on calcium-deficient acid soils contaminated with heavy metals

doi:10.1007/s11783-018-1026-y

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (3) : 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-018-1026-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of eggshell addition on calcium-deficient acid soils contaminated with heavy metals

Weiqi Luo¹, Yanping Ji¹, Lu Qu¹, Zhi Dang^1,², Yingying Xie¹, Chengfang Yang¹, Xueqin Tao³, Jianmin Zhou⁴, Guining Lu^1,⁵(

)

¹. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
². The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
³. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
⁴. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
⁵. Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, Guangzhou 510006, China

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Abstract

The eggshell was used to remediate the contaminated soil by heavy metals.

The eggshell addition decreased the available state of the heavy metals.

The available calcium in the soil increased due to eggshell addition.

The efficiency was investigated in different moisture conditions.

In this study, effects of water conditions (flooded, wet, or dry) and eggshell dosages (0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 g/kg soil, respectively) on pH variation, content of unavailable state of heavy metals, form of heavy metals, and available nutritious element calcium (Ca) in acid soils contaminated with heavy metals were investigated, respectively. The soil samples were continuously cultivated indoors and analyzed by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and community bureau of reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the addition of eggshell could effectively improve the pH of acid soil and increase it to neutral level. Moreover, the contents of unavailable state of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Cd increased significantly. Furthermore, when the soil was cultivated under the flooded condition with 1.0 g/kg eggshell, the unavailable state of Cu, Zn, and Cd increased the most, and these heavy metals were transformed into residual state. On the other hand, the amount of available state of Ca increased to 432.19 from 73.34 mg/kg with the addition of 1.0 g/kg eggshell, which indicated that the addition of eggshell dramatically improved the available state of Ca. Therefore, eggshell could ameliorate the soil environment as it led to the decrease of available heavy metals and improvement of fertilization effectively. In a word, this study indicates that the addition of eggshell would be a new potential method for remediation of acid field soils contaminated with heavy metals.

Keywords Heavy metals Eggshell Acid soil remediation BCR sequential extraction

Corresponding Author(s): Guining Lu

Issue Date: 01 March 2018

Cite this article:

Weiqi Luo,Yanping Ji,Lu Qu, et al. Effects of eggshell addition on calcium-deficient acid soils contaminated with heavy metals[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 4.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-018-1026-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2018/V12/I3/4

Tab.1 Chemical compositions of eggshell waste

Tab.2 Properties and heavy metal contents of the tested soils

Fig.1 Effect of eggshell addition in soil on pH variation with different water condition

Fig.2 Effect on unavailable form of heavy metals after the application of eggshell in soil: (a) Cu; (b) Zn; (c) Cd

Fig.3 Effect on Cu fractionation percentage after the application of eggshell in soil by sequential extraction: (a) Dry; (b) Wet; (c) Flooding (R1: exchangeable soluble fraction; R2: reducible fraction; R3: oxidizable fraction; R4: residual fraction)

Fig.4 Effect on Zn fractionation percentage after the application of eggshell in soil by sequential extraction: (a) Dry; (b) Wet; (c) Flooding (R1: exchangeable form; R2: reducible form; R3: oxidizable form; R4: residual form)

Fig.5 Effect on Cd fractionation percentage after the application of eggshell in soil by sequential extraction: (a) Dry; (b) Wet; (c) Flooding (R1: weak acid soluble fraction; R2: reducible fraction; R3: oxidizable fraction; R4: Residual fraction)

Fig.6 Effect on Ca fractionation content after the application of eggshell in soil by sequential extraction: (a) Dry; (b) Wet; (c) Flooding (F1: soluble calcium form; F2: exchangeable calcium form; F3: acid-soluble calcium form; F4: bound to organic form; F5: residual calcium form)

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