Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1091-x

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (1) : 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1091-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

Qian Wang¹, Qionghua Zhang^1,², Mawuli Dzakpasu^1,², Nini Chang¹, Xiaochang Wang^1,²(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
². International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi’an 710055, China

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Abstract

Ratio of turbidity and TSS (Tur/TSS) was used to characterize PSD of stormwater particles.

Pb and Zn preferred to accumulate in finer RDS, while Cu, Cr and Ni in coarser RDS.

HMs pollution in stormwater particles increased linearly with Tur/TSS.

Dissolvability of HMs and PSD variations contribute to the differences between RDS and stormwater.

Stormwater runoff, derived from the wash-off of road-deposited sediments (RDS), contains elevated heavy metal (HM) concentrations and, thus, imposes an increasing threat to urban aquatic ecosystems. In-depth understanding of the variations of HMs pollution from RDS to stormwater during transport processes facilitates the development of effective RDS and stormwater control strategies. Toward this end, the distribution of HMs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni) in RDS and stormwater were investigated simultaneously. The results show a preferential accumulation of Pb and Zn in the finer (<38.5 μm) RDS, and Cu, Cr and Ni in the coarser (38.5–150 μm) RDS. For stormwater, n.d.~48.6% of HMs fractionated into the dissolved phase, and stormwater particles constitute the primary carriers of HMs. Furthermore, the accumulation of HMs in stormwater particles increased linearly with finer particle size distributions (PSD). Geoaccumulation index (I_geo) highlighted the predominant pollution of both RDS and stormwater particles by Cu, Pb and Zn. Nonetheless, Cu, Pb, and Ni mostly contributed the potential ecological risk of RDS, whereas Cu, Pb, and Zn mainly contributed that of stormwater particles. Moreover, contamination by Cu, Pb and Zn was significantly higher in stormwater particles than that in RDS. These differences are attributable to the solubility and size-dependent accumulation of HMs in RDS, as well as the PSD variations during transport processes. The study outcomes highlight the importance of very fine (nano- and submicron- scale) RDS in stormwater pollution and the necessity of control.

Keywords Road-deposited sediment Stormwater runoff Heavy metal Particle size Pollution variation

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaochang Wang

Issue Date: 12 December 2018

Cite this article:

Qian Wang,Qionghua Zhang,Mawuli Dzakpasu, et al. Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(1): 13.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1091-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I1/13

Fig.1 Map of sampling site and surrounding environment (a) photographs on the right side present the RDS (b) and stormwater (c) sampling.

Tab.1 Rainfall characteristics of monitored events over May to September 2016 in Yixing, China

Tab.2 HM concentrations (mg/kg) in bulk RDS, stormwater particles and local soils of Yixing, China

Fig.2 Distribution of HM concentrations in (a) RDS of four size fractions, and (b) stormwater particles with elevated Tur/TSS (i.e. finer PSD). For (a), The bottom and top of the bigger box are the first and third quartiles; the bottom and top of the whiskers are the 1% and the 99% percentiles; the band and smaller box inside the bigger box are the median and mean; the gray circles are the outliers; and the colored boxes indicates the results of one-way ANOVA analyses, whereby similar colors denote no significant differences and vice versa. For (b), the gray, green and yellow scatters represent stormwater samples on May 2, May 31 and Sept. 14, respectively, and the colored dashed lines are corresponding results of linear regression analyses. The red solid lines show the results of linear regression analyses for all stormwater samples from three rainfall events. k and R² are the corresponding slope and coefficient of determination, respectively.

Fig.3 Geoaccumulation index (I_geo) of HMs in (a) RDS of different size fractions, and (b) stormwater particles with elevated Tur/TSS (i.e. finer PSD). The red lines in (b) show the results of linear regression analyses.

Fig.4 Potential ecological risks (RI) of HMs in (a) RDS of different size fractions, and (b) stormwater particles with elevated Tur/TSS (i.e. finer PSDs). The boxes in (a) and line in (b) have the same meaning with Fig. 2.

Fig.5 Accumulation of HMs in RDS and stormwater particles with particle sizes. The figure was plotted using data obtained from ^{McKenzie et al. (2008)}, ^{Zhao et al. (2010)}, ^{Kayhanian et al. (2012)}, ^{Fedotov et al. (2014)} and this study.

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