Magnetotactic bacteria: Characteristics and environmental applications

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1235-z

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (4) : 56 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1235-z

REVIEW ARTICLE

Magnetotactic bacteria: Characteristics and environmental applications

Xinjie Wang¹, Yang Li^1,²(

), Jian Zhao¹, Hong Yao³, Siqi Chu³, Zimu Song³, Zongxian He³, Wen Zhang²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
². John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
³. Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on Antibiotics/ Resistance Genes Water Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

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Abstract

• Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize magnetic nanoparticle within magnetosomes.

• The morphologic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB were summarized.

• Isolation and mass cultivation of MTB deserve extensive research for applications.

• MTB can remove heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic pollutants from wastewater.

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of Gram-negative prokaryotes that respond to the geomagnetic ﬁeld. This unique property is attributed to the intracellular magnetosomes, which contains membrane-bound nanocrystals of magnetic iron minerals. This review summarizes the most recent advances in MTB, magnetosomes, and their potential applications especially the environmental pollutant control or remediation. The morphologic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB were first introduced, followed by a critical review of isolation and cultivation methods. Past research has devoted to optimize the factors, such as oxygen, carbon source, nitrogen source, nutrient broth, iron source, and mineral elements for the growth of MTB. Besides the applications of MTB in modern biological and medical fields, little attention was made on the environmental applications of MTB for wastewater treatment, which has been summarized in this review. For example, applications of MTB as adsorbents have resulted in a novel magnetic separation technology for removal of heavy metals or organic pollutants in wastewater. In addition, we summarized the current advance on pathogen removal and detection of endocrine disruptor which can inspire new insights toward sustainable engineering and practices. Finally, the new perspectives and possible directions for future studies are recommended, such as isolation of MTB, genetic modification of MTB for mass production and new environmental applications. The ultimate objective of this review is to promote the applications of MTB and magnetosomes in the environmental fields.

Keywords Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetosome Heavy metal Radionuclide Organic pollutants

Corresponding Author(s): Yang Li,Wen Zhang

Issue Date: 01 April 2020

Cite this article:

Xinjie Wang,Yang Li,Jian Zhao, et al. Magnetotactic bacteria: Characteristics and environmental applications[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 56.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1235-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/56

Fig.1 Typical structure of a magnetotatic bacterium.

Fig.2 The principle of orientation magnetic separation method in a channel separator. Graph was regenerated based on ref. (^{Bahaj et al., 2002}) with modifications.

Fig.3 Hypothesized mechanism of magnetite biomineralization. Graph was cited and reproduced from ref. (^{Yan et al., 2012}) with permission and minor modifications.

Fig.4 Role of the proteins in the magnetite biomineralization and chain formation. Graph was cited and reproduced from ref. (Faivre and Schuler, 2008) with permission. MM represents magnetosome membrane, MC represents cytoplasmic membrane.

Heavy metals	Strain	Initial metal concentration	Wet biomass weight	Time	pH	Removal efficiency	Ref.
Au³⁺	Stenotrophomonas sp.	80 mg/L	10 g/L	60 min	1.0–5.5	100%	^{Song et al. (2008})
	M. magneticum AMB-1	2×10⁻⁷ mol/L 4×10⁻⁷ mol/L	1.5×10⁸ cells/mL	7 days		100% 100%	^{Tanaka et al. (2009})
	M. gryphiswaldense MSR-1	80 mg/L	10 g/L	60 min	2.5		^{Cai et al. (2011})
Cr⁶⁺	MTB	34.64 mg/L	44 g/L	60 min	6.0	80%	^{Qu et al. (2014})
	MTB	21.51 mg/L	100 g/L	30 min	6.0	68%	^{Qu et al. (2014})
	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	100%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Cd²⁺	M. magneticum AMB-1	1×10⁻⁴ mol/L	1×10⁸ cells/mL	24 h	7.4	3.8 × 10⁶ molecules per cell	^{Tanaka et al. (2008})
Cd²⁺	Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1	1.3 mg/L	6.9×10⁷ cells/mL	240 h	7.0	58.0%	^{Arakaki et al. (2002})
Hg²⁺	M. gryphiswaldense MSR-1	2.5×10⁻⁷ mol/L	250 mg/L biogenic magnetite	120 min		13.53%	^{Liu and Wiatrowski (2018})
Hg²⁺	M. magnetotacticum MS-1	2.5×10⁻⁷ mol/L	250 mg/L biogenic magnetite	120 min		8.55%	^{Liu and Wiatrowski (2018})
Cu²⁺	M. gryphiswaldense MSR-1	80 mg/L	10 g/L	60 min	5.0	62.23%	^{Wang et al. (2011})
Cu²⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	100%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Cr³⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	100%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Fe³⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	100%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Fe²⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	100%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Ni²⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	96.20%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Mn²⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	50.75%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Pb²⁺	MTB	40 mg/L	80 g/L	60 min	6.0–7.0	100%	^{Wang and Sun (2005})
Co²⁺	Alphapro- teobacterium MTB-KTN90	115 mg/L	0.015 g/L of dry biomass	60 min	7.0	88.55%	^{Tajer-Mohammad-Ghazvini et al. (2016})
Ag⁺	M. gryphiswaldense MSR-1	80 mg/L	10 g/L	60 min	4.0	91.26%	^{Wang et al. (2011})
Mixture of Au³⁺ and Cu²⁺	MTB	Au³⁺ (80 mg/L)	10 g/L	10 min	1.0–5.5	99.53%–100%	^{Song et al. (2007})
Mixture of Au³⁺ and Cu²⁺	MTB	Cu²⁺ (80 mg/L)	10 g/L	10 min	2.0–4.5	98.07%–98.75%	^{Song et al. (2007})

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