Effects of different doses of cadmium on secondary metabolites and gene expression in <i>Artemisia annua</i> L.

doi:10.1007/s11684-016-0486-3

Front. Med.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (1) : 137-146 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-016-0486-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of different doses of cadmium on secondary metabolites and gene expression in Artemisia annua L.

Liangyun Zhou¹,Guang Yang¹,Haifeng Sun²,Jinfu Tang¹,Jian Yang¹,Yizhan Wang³,Thomas Avery Garran¹,Lanping Guo¹(

)

¹. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
². College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
³. Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100523, China

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Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of artemisinin accumulation induced by cadmium (Cd). The effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 20, 60, and 120 μmol/L) on the biosynthesis of Artemisia annua L. were examined. Intermediate and end products were quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The expression of key biosynthesis enzymes was also determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the application of treatment with 60 and 120 μmol/L Cd for 3 days significantly improved the biosynthesis of artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, and artemisinin. The concentrations of artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, and artemisinin in the 120 μmol/L Cd-treated group were 2.26, 102.08, and 33.63 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. The concentrations of arteannuin B and artemisinin in 60 μmol/L Cd-treated leaves were 61.10 and 26.40 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. The relative expression levels of HMGR, FPS, ADS, CYP71AV1, DBR2, ALDH1, and DXR were up-regulated in the 120 μmol/L Cd-treated group because of increased contents of artemisinic metabolites after 3 days of treatment. Hence, appropriate doses of Cd can increase the concentrations of artemisinic metabolites at a certain time point by up-regulating the relative expression levels of key enzyme genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis.

Keywords Cd secondary metabolites gene expressions Artemisia annua L.

Corresponding Author(s): Lanping Guo

Just Accepted Date: 14 November 2016 Online First Date: 08 December 2016 Issue Date: 20 March 2017

Cite this article:

Liangyun Zhou,Guang Yang,Haifeng Sun, et al. Effects of different doses of cadmium on secondary metabolites and gene expression in Artemisia annua L.[J]. Front. Med., 2017, 11(1): 137-146.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-016-0486-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2017/V11/I1/137

Fig.1 Possible pathways of artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua (AA, artemisinic acid; AB, arteannuin B; DHAA, dihydroartemisinic acid; and AN, artemisinin).

Tab.1 Analysis of MS parameters of the four compounds

Tab.2 Nucleotide sequences of primers used in real-time PCR

Fig.2 Effects of different doses of Cd on AA (A), AB (B), DHAA (C), and AN (D) in A. annua. Vertical bars represent the srandard error (SE) n = 3. Asterisks represent significant differences between treated and control A. annua plants at the same time (*P<0.05, **P<0.01).

Fig.3 Changes in the relative expression levels (A and C) of HMGR and FPS after Cd treatment and the ratio of relative expression between treated and control A. annua plants at the same time (B and D). The error bars represent the standard error (SE), n = 3.

Fig.4 Changes in the relative expression levels of ADS and CYP71AV1 (A and C) and the ratio of relative expression between treated and control A. annua plants at the same time (B and D) after Cd treatment. The error bars represent the standard error (SE), n = 3.

Fig.5 Changes in the relative expression levels (A and C) of DBR2 and ALDH1 and the ratio of relative expression between treated and control A. annua plants at the same time (B and D) after Cd treatment. The error bars represent the standard error (SE), n = 3.

Fig.6 Changes in the relative expression levels (A and C) of DXS and DXR and the ratio of relative expression between the treated and control A. annua plants at the same time (B and D) after Cd treatment. The error bars represent the standard error (SE), n = 3.

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