Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2020347

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 7

Issue (3) : 296-306 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2020347

REVIEW

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

Li XUE¹(

), Ertao WANG²(

)

¹. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
². National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China

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Abstract

Plants growing in natural soils encounter diverse biotic and abiotic stresses and have adapted with sophisticated strategies to deal with complex environments such as changing root system structure, evoking biochemical responses and recruiting microbial partners. Under selection pressure, plants and their associated microorganisms assemble into a functional entity known as a holobiont. The commonest cooperative interaction is between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. About 80% of terrestrial plants can form AM symbiosis with the ancient phylum Glomeromycota. A very large network of extraradical and intraradical mycelium of AM fungi connects the underground biota and the nearby carbon and nutrient fluxes. Here, we discuss recent progress on the regulators of AM associations with plants, AM fungi and their surrounding environments, and explore further mechanistic insights.

Keywords AM symbiosis signal regulators nutrients phosphate microbiota

Corresponding Author(s): Li XUE,Ertao WANG

Just Accepted Date: 11 June 2020 Online First Date: 13 July 2020 Issue Date: 28 July 2020

Cite this article:

Li XUE,Ertao WANG. Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2020, 7(3): 296-306.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2020347
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2020/V7/I3/296

Fig.1 Schematic of the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and the major regulators involved at different stages. AM development is roughly characterized as four steps: (1) spore germination; (2) hyphal branching; (3) PPA and hyphopodium formation; and (4) arbuscule development. AM fungi facilitate nutrient uptake, meanwhile Pi and N starvation also contribute as master regulators in AM development. Strigolactones secreted from host roots induce fungal spore germination and hyphal branching (steps 1 and 2), while the biosynthesis of strigolactones is controlled by inorganic P (Pi) status, chitooligosaccharides (COs), zaxinone and autoregulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis (AOM) feedback signal CLE53. AM fungi produced chitinaceous molecules (COs and LCOs) to promote pre-symbiosis signaling and effectors/peptides (RiCRN, RiSLM, SIS and RiCLE) to increase fungal colonization (step 3). DELLA, the well-known negative regulator in gibberellin acid (GA) signaling, acts as a positive regulator in arbuscule development. CBX1/WRI5a regulate the gene module related to carbon-Pi exchange between plant and fungi in the arbuscule-containing cells (step 4).

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