BUILDING CLIMATE-RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: VULNERABILITIES, RESPONSES AND FINANCING

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2023492

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 10

Issue (1) : 16-30 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2023492

REVIEW

BUILDING CLIMATE-RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: VULNERABILITIES, RESPONSES AND FINANCING

Yunyi ZHOU¹, Ziqi CHEN¹, Kevin Z. CHEN^1,²(

)

¹. China Academy for Rural Development and School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
². International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC 20005, USA

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Abstract

● Food systems in East and Southeast Asia are vulnerable to global warming.

● Regional governments strive for adaption, mitigation and financing for climate resilience.

● Vulnerabilities of food system actors and activities exacerbate the challenges faced.

● Agriculture-specific goals, climate-smart agriculture and market integration are key to building climate resilience.

Food system resilience to climate change is uniquely imperative for bringing Sustainable Development Goals within reach and leaving no one behind. Food systems in East and Southeast Asia are interacting with planetary boundaries and are adversely affected by extreme weather-related events. A practical question for East and Southeast Asian stakeholders is how to foster climate-resilient food systems in the face of lingering food system vulnerabilities and policy gaps. This paper reviews food system vulnerabilities and policy responses to climate change. In the policy-based review, this paper compares the economy-wide and agriculture-specific targets of low-carbon development across East and Southeast Asia. With China and member states of the Association of Southeast Asia Nations as case studies, multilevel policies in building and financing climate-resilient food systems are further synthesized. The findings confirm significant differences in agriculture-specific emission goals and public financing supports across East and Southeast Asian nations. With an objective to break practical barriers and finance climate-resilient food systems for the future, this paper recommends defining agriculture-specific greenhouse gas emission goals, reorienting the public finance scheme and enhancing mechanisms for the synergy of public and private resources.

Keywords food systems climate change East policy resilience and Southeast Asia

Corresponding Author(s): Kevin Z. CHEN

Just Accepted Date: 01 March 2023 Online First Date: 20 March 2023 Issue Date: 03 April 2023

Cite this article:

Yunyi ZHOU,Ziqi CHEN,Kevin Z. CHEN. BUILDING CLIMATE-RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: VULNERABILITIES, RESPONSES AND FINANCING[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2023, 10(1): 16-30.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2023492
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2023/V10/I1/16

Fig.1 Conceptual framework for building climate-resilient food systems.

Fig.2 Abstract of the review method.

Tab.1 Economy-wide and agriculture-specific GHG mitigation targets of the countries in East and Southeast Asia

Country	Climate strategy	Agricultural policies (for example)	Financing support (for example)
Myanmar	The Myanmar Climate Change Strategy 2018–2030 (2019)	•The Myanmar Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy (2015) • Myanmar Good Agricultural Practice Standards for Crops • Fertilizer Law	Myanmar Agriculture Development Strategy and Investment Plan (2018)
Cambodia	The Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014–2023 (2013)	• Agricultural Sector Master Plan toward 2030 (2020); Five-Year Strategic Plan 2019–2023 for Agriculture Sector (2019) • Master Plan for Crop Production in Cambodia to 2030 (2016) • Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2015–2024 (2015)	Climate Change Financing Framework (2015)
Laos	National Strategy on Climate Change of Lao PDR (2012)	• Agriculture Development Strategy to 2025 and Vision to 2030 (2015)	Climate Investment Plan Agriculture and Forestry (2018)
The Philippines	National Climate Change Action Plan 2011–2028 (2011)	• The Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture • Food Resiliency Protocol	The Philippine Sustainable Finance Roadmap (2022)
Vietnam	National Climate Change Strategy to 2050 (2022)	• Scheme on Development of Organic Agriculture in the Period of 2020–2030 (2018) • Scheme on Development of Organic Agriculture in the Period of 2020–2030 (2018) • Law on Fisheries (2017)	Vietnam Climate Finance Framework (2022)
Indonesia	Long-Term Strategy for Low-Carbon and Climate Resilience 2050 (2021)	• The Strategic Plan of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture 2020–2024 • National Action Plan on Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil 2019–2024 • Law on Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (2009)	Presidential Regulation on Management of Environmental Funds (2018)
Thailand	Climate Change Master Plan 2015–2050 (2015)	• The Agriculture Strategic Plan on Climate Change (2017)	Sustainable Financing Framework (2020)
Malaysia	National Policy on Climate Change (2009)Long-term Low Emission Development Strategy (upcoming)	• National Agro-Food Policy 2021–2030 (2021) • The Malaysian Good Agricultural Practices (2013)	Green Technology Financing Scheme 2.0 (2019)
China	Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy (2021)	• The 14th Five-Year Plan of National Agricultural Green Development (2021) • Reformation Plan for Establishing a Green and Ecology Oriented Agricultural Subsidy System (2016) • Implementation Plan for Agricultural and Rural Carbon Reduction and Fixation (2022)	Notice on Financial Support for Carbon Neutralisation (2022)Climate Investment and Financing Pilot Work Plan (2021)
ASEAN	The Establishment of the Climate Resilient Network (2018)	• ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change and Food Security • The Development of Agricultural Standards and Guidelines (Good Agriculture Practices and Good Animal Husbandry Practices) • ASEAN Good Animal Husbandry Practices for Animal Welfare and Environmental Sustainability Module (2016)	ASEAN Guidelines on Promoting Responsible Investment in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (2018)

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