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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2022, Vol. 9 Issue (1) : 4-18    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021432
REVIEW
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE
Bing-Xin WANG1,2, Anouschka R. HOF2,3, Chun-Sen MA1()
1. Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2. Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
3. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract

● An overview of impacts of climate change on wheat and rice crops.

● A review on impacts of climate change on insect pests and fungal pathogens of wheat and rice.

● A selection of adaptation strategies to mitigate impacts of climate change on crop production and pest and disease management.

Ongoing climate change is expected to have impacts on crops, insect pests, and plant pathogens and poses considerable threats to sustainable food security. Existing reviews have summarized impacts of a changing climate on agriculture, but the majority of these are presented from an ecological point of view, and scant information is available on specific species in agricultural applications. This paper provides an overview of impacts of climate change on two staple crops, wheat and rice. First, the direct effects of climate change on crop growth, yield formation, and geographic distribution of wheat and rice are reviewed. Then, the effects of climate change on pests and pathogens related with wheat and rice, and their interactions with the crops are summarized. Finally, potential management strategies to mitigate the direct impacts of climate change on crops, and the indirect impacts on crops through pests and pathogens are outlined. The present overview aims to aid agriculture practitioners and researchers who are interested in wheat and rice to better understand climate change related impacts on the target species.
Keywords climate change      pest      pathogen      food security     
Corresponding Author(s): Chun-Sen MA   
Just Accepted Date: 29 November 2021   Online First Date: 15 December 2021    Issue Date: 17 January 2022
 Cite this article:   
Bing-Xin WANG,Anouschka R. HOF,Chun-Sen MA. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(1): 4-18.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2021432
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2022/V9/I1/4
Fig.1  A conceptual illustration of how multiple trophic levels (crop-pest-pathogen) respond to climate change and the interaction between them in farmland ecosystems. Changes in temperature, precipitation and concentrations of greenhouse gases caused by climate change can bring about positive or negative impacts on crops, and pests and pathogens of crops. Plus signs indicate that the interaction will benefit another organism (red arrow), and minus signs indicate that the interaction will inhibit another organism (blue arrow).
Species Region Research question Main finding Reference
Bird cherry-oat aphid(Rhopalosiphum padi) Australia Multi-trophic interactions Elevated CO2 and temperature decrease development time [27]
China Dominance hierarchy shift High-temperature events affected per capita growth rate of Sitobion avenae but not R. padi, driving a dominance shift [28]
China Heat-escape behavior Brief thermal history influenced aphids’ heat-escape behavior [29]
China Life history traits and fitness Sporadic short mild periods during a long extreme hot event could improve aphids’ life history traits; night warming reduced aphid survival [30,31]
China Predator–prey interactions Night warming alter the interaction between predator and prey [32]
China Heat-escape behavior Brief thermal history influenced aphids’ heat-escape behavior [29]
China Dominance hierarchy shift High-temperature events affected per capita growth rate of S. avenae but not R. padi, driving a dominance shift [28]
Greenbug(Schizaphis graminum) Worldwide Potential distribution Shift northward [33]
Rose-grain aphid(Metopolophium dirhodum) UK Abundance Increased abundance with mean annual precipitation [34]
Russian wheat aphid(Diuraphis nociva) USA Abundance Abundance negatively correlated with increasing temperatures after removing inter-annual density-dependent effects [35]
Hessian fly(Mayetiola destructor) USA Effects of El Nino-southern oscillation Hessian fly infestation and yield losses were greatest during the La Nina and least during the El Nino phase [36]
Wheat stem sawfly(Cephus cinctus) Canada Abundance and distribution Relative abundance would increase in the future [37]
Wheat midge(Sitodiplosis mosellana) North America Distribution and relative abundance Shift north and abundance was predicted to increase [38]
Wheat armyworm(Mythimna sequax) Brazil Voltinism Voltinism increased in the future [39]
Cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera) China Population dynamic A shift to early eclosion of diapausing pupae due to global warming; elevated CO2 and temperature increased foliar consumption [40]
Tab.1  Summary of studies on effects of climate change on common global wheat pests
Species Region Research questions Main findings Reference
Brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens) China Growth and development High temperatures decreased the survival rate of nymphs [41]
Philippines Oviposition and nymph performance S. furcifera had lower the most suitable temperatures for oviposition than for N. lugens [42]
Malaysia Thermal tolerance Occasional extreme high temperature events are likely to affect the survival and distribution of N. lugens [43]
China Biochemical control Control efficacy of triazophos decreased elevated CO2 [44]
White back planthopper(Sogatella furcifera) Philippines Oviposition and nymph performance S. furcifera had lower the most suitable temperatures for oviposition than for N. lugens [42]
Small brown planthopper(Laodelphax striatellus) China Survival and wing dimorphism Climate affected wing-form of planthoppers [45]
Rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) China Physiological response Heat selection increased survival and fecundity of larvae [46]
China Shelter-building behavior Larvae tended to build multileaf overlapping shelters under heat stress [47]
China Behavioral adaptation Shelter size decreased as the temperature increased [48]
Black rice bug(Scotinophara lurida) Korea Penology of insects and plants Temperature increase advanced the immigration time [49]
Striped stem borer(Chilo suppressalis) China Heat tolerance Adult fertility was more sensitive to heat stress than adult survival [50]
Tab.2  Summary of studies on effects of climate change on common global rice pests
Species Region Research question Main finding Reference
Leaf rust(Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) Poland Relationship between latency period and temperature Latency period of wheat leaf rust is going to decrease which may result in increase of wheat leaf rust incidence [72]
France Disease earliness, intensity, and disease dynamics Disease severity is forecasted to be increased with climate change [73]
Stripe rust(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) USA and Canada Race evolution on the epidemiology and ecology Changes taking place in P. striiformis f. sp. tritici ecology and epidemiology over the last decade [74]
China Relationship of diseases overwintering potential to winter temperatures P. striiformis f. sp. tritici winter survival is related to temperatures in the coldest period from mid-December to late January [75]
Denmark, France, and USA The susceptibility At low temperatures, vernalisation reduced the susceptibility of seedlings exposed to the 'Warrior' race [76]
Leaf blotch(Zymoseptoria tritic) China Temperature-dependent evolution of aggressiveness Global warming may have a negative effect on the evolution of pathogens [77]
Powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) China Epidemics Percent acreage of the disease would increase in the future [78]
Italy Development Future global warming scenarios may limit the development of powdery mildew on wheat [79]
Fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum) China Severity The key factor affecting Fusarium head blight severity was weather condition during the heading and anthesis stages of winter wheat [80]
China Excess precipitation Excess precipitation can induce Fusarium head blight [81]
Wheat take-all(Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), and wheat crown rot (Fusarium spp.) New Zealand Disease expression Increased drought is expected to increase disease expression [82]
Tab.3  Summary of studies on effects of climate change on common global wheat diseases
Species Region Research question Main finding Reference
brown spot(Bipolaris oryzae) Brazil Biochemical defenses of rice Biochemical defenses of rice against B. oryzae increase with high atmospheric concentration of CO2 [84]
Blast disease(Magnaporthe oryzae) South Korea, Korea Potential epidemics The incidence of epidemics was simulated to decrease toward 2100 [85]
Tanzania Yield losses Losses due to leaf blast is predicted to decline in Tanzania [86]
Brazil Severity The disease was more severe under high CO2 concentration [87]
India Infection ability Leaf blast is projected to increase during the winter season (December–March) in 2020 (2010–2039) and 2050 (2040–2069) climate scenarios due to temperature rise, particularly in lower latitudes [88]
Japan Rice leaf wetness The infection risk was estimated to decrease for Japan [89]
Sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani) South Korea, Korea Potential epidemics The incidence of epidemics was simulated to gradually decrease toward 2100 [85]
Bakanae disease(Fusarium fujikuroi) Italy Severity Combined and single effects of elevated CO2 and high temperatures seem to be favorable for bakanae disease development in the Mediterranean Basin [90]
Tab.4  Summary of studies on effects of climate change on common global rice diseases
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