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Frontiers of Computer Science

ISSN 2095-2228

ISSN 2095-2236(Online)

CN 10-1014/TP

Postal Subscription Code 80-970

2018 Impact Factor: 1.129

Front. Comput. Sci.    2016, Vol. 10 Issue (5) : 832-844    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-015-5323-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Pose-robust feature learning for facial expression recognition
Feifei ZHANG,Yongbin YU,Qirong MAO(),Jianping GOU,Yongzhao ZHAN
School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Abstract

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) from non-frontal views is a challenging research topic which has recently started to attract the attention of the research community. Pose variations are difficult to tackle and many face analysis methods require the use of sophisticated normalization and initialization procedures. Thus head-pose invariant facial expression recognition continues to be an issue to traditional methods. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for pose-invariant FER based on pose-robust features which are learned by deep learning methods — principal component analysis network (PCANet) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) (PRP-CNN). In the first stage, unlabeled frontal face images are used to learn features by PCANet. The features, in the second stage, are used as the target of CNN to learn a feature mapping between frontal faces and non-frontal faces. We then describe the non-frontal face images using the novel descriptions generated by the maps, and get unified descriptors for arbitrary face images. Finally, the pose-robust features are used to train a single classifier for FER instead of training multiple models for each specific pose. Our method, on the whole, does not require pose/ landmark annotation and can recognize facial expression in a wide range of orientations. Extensive experiments on two public databases show that our framework yields dramatic improvements in facial expression analysis.

Keywords facial expression recognition      pose-robust features      principal component analysis network (PCANet)      convolutional neural networks (CNN)     
Corresponding Author(s): Qirong MAO   
Just Accepted Date: 28 October 2015   Online First Date: 06 April 2016    Issue Date: 07 September 2016
 Cite this article:   
Feifei ZHANG,Yongbin YU,Qirong MAO, et al. Pose-robust feature learning for facial expression recognition[J]. Front. Comput. Sci., 2016, 10(5): 832-844.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/10.1007/s11704-015-5323-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/Y2016/V10/I5/832
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[1]  Supplementary Material Download
[1] Rizwan Ahmed KHAN, Alexandre MEYER, Hubert KONIK, Saida BOUAKAZ. Saliency-based framework for facial expression recognition[J]. Front. Comput. Sci., 2019, 13(1): 183-198.
[2] Hao ZHENG,Xin GENG. Facial expression recognition via weighted group sparsity[J]. Front. Comput. Sci., 2017, 11(2): 266-275.
[3] Shangfei WANG,Shan HE,Yue WU,Menghua HE,Qiang JI. Fusion of visible and thermal images for facial expression recognition[J]. Front. Comput. Sci., 2014, 8(2): 232-242.
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