Conversion of phenol to cyclohexane in the aqueous phase over Ni/zeolite bi-functional catalysts

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-1932-y

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (2) : 288-298 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1932-y

RESEARH ARTICLE

Conversion of phenol to cyclohexane in the aqueous phase over Ni/zeolite bi-functional catalysts

Jimei Zhang^1,², Fuping Tian³, Junwen Chen⁴, Yanchun Shi², Hongbin Cao², Pengge Ning², Shanshan Sun², Yongbing Xie²(

)

¹. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
². CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
³. College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
⁴. State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

A series of Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni/HIM-5 bi-functional catalysts were synthesized and applied to the aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenol. The Ni dispersibility and particle sizes were shown to be directly related to the porosity and crystal sizes of the parent zeolites, which further influenced the catalytic performances. The large pores and small crystal sizes of the parent zeolites were beneficial for dispersing Ni and forming small Ni particles, and the corresponding Ni/zeolite catalyst exhibited a higher phenol conversion and selectivity towards hydrocarbons. Importantly, the Ni/HIM-5 bi-functional catalyst exhibited a high activity (98.3%) and high selectivity for hydrocarbons (98.8%) when heated at 220°C for 1 h and is thus a new potential catalyst for the HDO of phenolics to form hydrocarbons in the aqueous phase.

Keywords aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation phenol hydrocarbons Ni/HIM-5 bi-functional catalyst

Corresponding Author(s): Yongbing Xie

Just Accepted Date: 09 April 2020 Online First Date: 12 June 2020 Issue Date: 10 March 2021

Cite this article:

Jimei Zhang,Fuping Tian,Junwen Chen, et al. Conversion of phenol to cyclohexane in the aqueous phase over Ni/zeolite bi-functional catalysts[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 288-298.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1932-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I2/288

Tab.1 Catalytic performance of phenol conversion over the diverse catalysts in the references.

Fig.1 TEM images of the Ni/HZ-5-10 (a), Ni/HIM-5-16 (b), Ni/HZ-5-90 (c) and Ni/HZP-5-90 (d) catalysts.

Fig.2 SEM images of the HZ-5-10 (a), HIM-5-16 (b), HZ-5-90 (c) and HZP-5-90 (d) zeolites.

Tab.2 Textural properties and chemical components of the Ni/HZ-5-10, Ni/HIM-5-16, Ni/HZ-5-90 and Ni/HZP-5-90 bi-functional catalysts

Fig.3 XRD patterns of the Ni/HZ-5-10, Ni/HIM-5-16, Ni/HZ-5-90 and Ni/HZP-5-90 catalysts.

Fig.4 H₂-TPR curves of the calcined Ni/HZ-5-10, Ni/HIM-5-16, Ni/HZ-5-90 and Ni/HZP-5-90 catalysts.

Fig.5 H₂-TPD curves of the Ni/HZ-5-10, Ni/HIM-5-16, Ni/HZ-5-90 and Ni/HZP-5-90 catalysts.

Fig.6 NH₃-TPD curves of the Ni/HZ-5-10, Ni/HIM-5-16, Ni/HZ-5-90 and Ni/HZP-5-90 catalysts.

Fig.7 Phenol conversion and products selectivity over the Ni/HZ-5-10, Ni/HIM-5-16, Ni/HZ-5-90 and Ni/HZP-5-90 catalysts (reaction condition: 6 g phenol, 94 mL H₂O, 0.5 g catalyst, 220°C, 4.5 MPa H₂, 1 h).

Fig.8 Reaction (a) temperature and (b) time effects on the catalytic performance of the Ni/HIM-5-16 catalyst (Reaction conditions: (a) 6 g phenol, 94 mL H₂O, 0.5 g catalyst, 4.5 MPa H₂, 1 h; (b) 6 g phenol, 94 mL H₂O, 0.5 g catalyst, 220°C, 4.5 MPa H₂).

Fig.9 Stability of the Ni/HIM-5 catalyst during phenol conversion in the aqueous phase (Reaction condition: 6 g phenol, 94 mL H₂O, 0.46–0.5 g catalysts, 220°C, 4.5 MPa H₂, 1 h).

Fig.10 (a) FTIR analysis of the Ni/HIM-5 catalysts before and after the cycle runs, (b) TEM images of Ni/HIM-5-Re1.

Tab.3 Ni leaching in the three recycles, as determined by ICP analysis

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