Effects of additive NaI on electrodeposition of Al coatings in AlCl<sub>3</sub>-NaCl-KCl molten salts

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-1935-8

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (1) : 138-147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1935-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of additive NaI on electrodeposition of Al coatings in AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salts

Tianyu Yao^1,², Haiyan Yang¹(

), Kui Wang¹, Haiyan Jiang¹(

), Xiao-Bo Chen³, Hezhou Liu², Qudong Wang¹, Wenjiang Ding¹

¹. National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
². The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
³. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia

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Abstract

Effects of NaI as an additive on electrodeposition of Al coatings in AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl (80-10-10 wt-%) molten salts electrolyte at 150 °C were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results reveal that addition of NaI in the electrolyte intensifies cathodic polarization, inhibits growth of Al deposits and increases number density of charged particles. The electrodeposition of Al coatings in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salts electrolyte proceeds via three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation which however exhibits irrelevance with NaI. Galvanostatic deposition results indicate that NaI could facilitate the formation of uniform Al deposits. A compact coating consisting of Al deposits with an average particle size of 3 μm was obtained at a current density of 50 mA∙cm⁻² in AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salts electrolyte with 10 wt-% NaI. XRD analysis confirmed that NaI could contribute to the formation of Al coating with a preferred crystallographic orientation along (220) plane.

Keywords NaI additive electrodeposition molten salts Al coating

Corresponding Author(s): Haiyan Yang,Haiyan Jiang

Just Accepted Date: 21 April 2020 Online First Date: 13 July 2020 Issue Date: 12 January 2021

Cite this article:

Tianyu Yao,Haiyan Yang,Kui Wang, et al. Effects of additive NaI on electrodeposition of Al coatings in AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salts[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 138-147.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1935-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I1/138

Fig.1 The cyclic voltammogram recorded on a GC electrode at 50 mV?s^–1 in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl (80-10-10 wt-%) molten salts electrolyte, at 150°C.

Fig.2 The CV recorded on a GC electrode at 50 mV?s⁻¹ in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl (80-10-10 wt-%) molten salts electrolyte containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 wt-% NaI, respectively, at 150°C.

Fig.3 The typical current-time transients resulting from these experiments in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salts electrolyte with (a) no NaI, (b) 1 wt-% NaI, (c) 5 wt-% NaI, (d) 10 wt-% NaI.

Fig.4 Comparison of the experimental and theoretical plots of (i/i_m)² vs (t/t_m) in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salts electrolyte with (a) no NaI, (b) 1 wt-% NaI, (c) 5 wt-% NaI and (d) 10 wt-% NaI.

Fig.5 The microscopic morphologies of the Al electrodeposits obtained on a copper foil in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl (80-10-10 wt-%) molten salts at 150°C and (a) 25 mA?cm⁻², (b) 50 mA?cm⁻², (c) 75 mA?cm⁻², and (d) the typical energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDXS) spectrum of the Al electrodeposits.

Fig.6 The microscopic morphologies of the Al electrodeposits obtained on a copper foil in the AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl (80-10-10 wt-%) molten salts electrolyte at 25 mA?cm⁻² and 150°C with (a) 1 wt-% NaI, (b) 5 wt-% NaI, (c) 10 wt-% NaI, and (d) the typical EDXS spectrum of the Al electrodeposits.

Fig.7 The cross-sectional morphology of the Al coating deposited from the electrolyte with (a) no NaI, (b) 1 wt-% NaI, (c) 5 wt-% NaI and (d) 10 wt-% NaI.

Fig.8 (a) The XRD patterns of the electrodeposition Al coating on a copper foil in AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl (80-10-10 wt%) molten salts electrolyte with 0, 1%, 5%, 10% NaI and (b) the TC values calculated from XRD reflections.

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