Tripotassium citrate monohydrate derived carbon nanosheets as a competent assistant to manganese dioxide with remarkable performance in the supercapacitor

doi:10.1007/s11705-021-2065-7

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (3) : 420-432 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2065-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Tripotassium citrate monohydrate derived carbon nanosheets as a competent assistant to manganese dioxide with remarkable performance in the supercapacitor

Wenjing Zhang¹, Xiaoxue Yuan¹, Xuehua Yan^1,²(

), Mingyu You¹, Hui Jiang¹, Jieyu Miao¹, Yanli Li¹, Wending Zhou¹, Yihan Zhu¹, Xiaonong Cheng¹

¹. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
². Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

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Abstract

Production cost, capacitance, and electrode materials safety are the key factors to be concerned about for supercapacitors. In this work, a type of carbon nanosheets was produced through the carbonization of tripotassium citrate monohydrate and nitric acidification. Subsequently, a well-designed manganese dioxide/carbon nanosheets composite was synthesized through hydrothermal treating. The carbon nanosheets served as the substrate for growing the manganese dioxide, regulating its distribution, and preventing it from inhomogeneous dimensions and severe agglomeration. Many manganese dioxide nanosheets grew vertically on the numerous functional groups generated on the surface of the carbon nanosheets during acidification. The synergistic combination of carbon nanosheets and manganese dioxide tailors the electrochemical performance of the composite, which benefits from the excellent conductivity and stability of carbon nanosheets. The carbon nanosheets derived from tripotassium citrate monohydrate are conducive to the remarkable performance of manganese dioxide/carbon nanosheets electrode. Finally, an asymmetric supercapacitor with active carbon as the cathode and manganese dioxide/carbon nanosheets as the anode was assembled, achieving an outstanding energy density of 54.68 Wh·kg^–1 and remarkable power density of 6399.2 W·kg^–1 superior to conventional lead-acid batteries. After 10000 charge-discharge cycles, the device retained 75.3% of the initial capacitance, showing good cycle stability. Two assembled asymmetric supercapacitors in series charged for 3 min could power a yellow light emitting diode with an operating voltage of 2 V for 2 min. This study may provide valuable insights for applying carbon materials and manganese dioxide in the energy storage field.

Keywords carbon nanosheets manganese dioxide asymmetric supercapacitors energy density power density

Corresponding Author(s): Xuehua Yan

Online First Date: 13 July 2021 Issue Date: 24 February 2022

Cite this article:

Wenjing Zhang,Xiaoxue Yuan,Xuehua Yan, et al. Tripotassium citrate monohydrate derived carbon nanosheets as a competent assistant to manganese dioxide with remarkable performance in the supercapacitor[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(3): 420-432.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-021-2065-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2022/V16/I3/420

Fig.1 Schematic diagram for the preparation of MnO₂/CNS.

Fig.2 (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of CNS and MnO₂/CNS; (c–f) XPS patterns of MnO₂/CNS: (c) full scans of C, O, and Mn, (d) scan of C1s, (e) O1s, and (f) Mn2p.

Fig.3 SEM images of (a) acidless-treated CNS, (b) active CNS, (c) MnO₂, and (d) MnO₂/CNS.

Fig.4 TEM images of (a) active CNS, and (b) MnO₂/CNS; AFM image of (c) active CNS, and (d) thickness curve for active CNS.

Fig.5 (a) SEM image of MnO₂/CNS; EDS mappings of (b) C, (c) O, and (d) Mn.

Fig.6 (a) CV curves of CNS, MnO₂, and MnO₂/CNS at the scan rate of 100 mV·s^–1; (b) GCD curves of CNS, MnO₂ and MnO₂/CNS at the current density of 1 A·g^–1; (c) rate capabilities and (d) Nyquist plots of CNS, MnO₂ and MnO₂/CNS.

Fig.7 (a) CV curves of MnO₂/CNS at different scan rates; (b) plots of log (scan rate) versus log (peak current); (c) surface capacitive CV curves of 10 mV·s^–1; (d) contribution ratios of surface capacitive and diffusion-controlled process at different scan rates.

Fig.8 (a) Schematic diagrams of ASC; (b) CV curves of ASC from 1.0 to 1.8 V at the scan rate of 100 mV·s^–1; (c) GCD profiles of ASC from 1.0 to 1.6 V at the current density of 1 A·g^–1; (d) schematic diagrams of two devices in series and in paralleled; CV curves of one device and two devices (e) in series and (f) in paralleled.

Fig.9 (a) CV curves of ASC at different scan rates; (b) GCD profiles of ASC at different current densities; (c) rate capability and coulombic effciency of ASC.

Fig.10 (a) Ragone plot of ASC; (b) cyclic testing of ASC; (c) Nyquist plots of ASC before and after cycle testing; (d) two devices linked in series light a LED of 2 V.

Tab.1 Comparison of ASCs based on MnO₂/CNS//AC with the reported ASCs based on MnO₂ in terms of the maximum for energy density (E) and power density (P) [42–49].

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