Cobalt-nanoparticle catalysts derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework@MXene composites for efficient oxidative self-coupling of benzylamines

doi:10.1007/s11705-023-2378-9

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (1) : 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-023-2378-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Cobalt-nanoparticle catalysts derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework@MXene composites for efficient oxidative self-coupling of benzylamines

Jie Chen, Mingyuan Jian, Deqiong Xie, Kecan Dou, Deli Chen, Weidong Zhu(

), Fumin Zhang(

)

Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China

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Abstract

In this study, we synthesize a catalyst comprising cobalt nanoparticles supported on MXene by pyrolyzing a composite in a N₂ environment. Specifically, the composite comprises a bimetallic Zn/Co zeolitic imidazole framework grown in situ on the outer surface of MXene. The catalytic efficiency of the catalyst is tested for the self-coupling of 4-methoxybenzylamine to produce value-added imine, where atmospheric oxygen (1 atm) is used as the oxidant. Based on the results, the catalyst displayed impressive catalytic activity, achieving 95.4% yield of the desired imine at 383 K for 8 h. Furthermore, the catalyst showed recyclability and tolerance toward benzylamine substrates with various functional groups. The outstanding performance of the catalyst is primarily attributed to the synergetic catalytic effect between the cobalt nanoparticles and MXene support, while also benefiting from the three-dimensional porous structure. Additionally, a preliminary investigation of potential reaction mechanisms is conducted.

Keywords MXene sacrificial template oxidative self-coupling Co nanoparticles imine

Corresponding Author(s): Weidong Zhu,Fumin Zhang

Just Accepted Date: 31 October 2023 Issue Date: 27 December 2023

Cite this article:

Jie Chen,Mingyuan Jian,Deqiong Xie, et al. Cobalt-nanoparticle catalysts derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework@MXene composites for efficient oxidative self-coupling of benzylamines[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(1): 9.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-023-2378-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2024/V18/I1/9

Scheme1 Group of Co-NPs/NC catalysts, supported on MXene, synthesized through the pyrolysis of the ZnCo-ZIF@MXene core–shell composite. These catalysts were utilized in the oxidative self-coupling of benzylamine to imine, where oxygen acted as the only oxidant.

Fig.1 XRD patterns of (a) Ti₃C₂ MXene, (b) ZnCo(19∶1)-ZIF@MXene and Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene.

Fig.2 SEM images of (a) Ti₃C₂ MXene, (b) ZnCo(19∶1)-ZIF@MXene, and (c) Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene; (d) TEM, (e) HAADF-STEM, and (f) HRTEM images of Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene.

Fig.3 (a) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore-size distribution (embedded); (b) Raman spectrum and XPS spectra of (c) N 1s and (d) Co 2p in Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene.

Tab.1 Oxidative self-coupling of 4-methoxybenzylamine to N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)amine using various investigated catalysts^a⁾

Fig.4 (a) Effect of the removal of Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene during the oxidative self-coupling reaction; (b) recycling results; (c, d) kinetic studies of the oxidative self-coupling of 4-methoxybenzylamine over Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene.

Fig.5 Reaction pathways for the oxidative self-coupling of dibenzylamine to N-benzylidenebutylamine.

Fig.6 Plot of conversion and product selectivity with respect to the reaction time for the oxidation of dibenzylamine. Reaction conditions: dibenzylamine (0.5 mmol), Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene (15 mg), n-decane (3 mL), 1 atm O₂, and 383 K.

Fig.7 Proposed reaction pathways for the oxidative self-coupling of amine to imine over Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene.

Tab.2 Self-coupling of various amines to imines catalyzed over Co-NPs_(8.6)/NC@MXene^a)

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