A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

doi:10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9

Front. Eng

2022, Vol. 9

Issue (1) : 31-55 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9

REVIEW ARTICLE

A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

Lu ZHEN(

), Haolin LI

School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

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Abstract

E-commerce, new retail, and other changes have highlighted the requirement of high efficiency and accuracy in the logistics service. As an important section in logistics and supply chain management, warehouses need to respond positively to the increasing requirement. The “smart warehouse” system, which is equipped with emerging warehousing technologies, is increasingly attracting the attention of industry and technology giants as an efficient solution for the future of warehouse development. This study provides a holistic view of operations management problems within the context of smart warehouses. We provide a framework to review smart warehouse operations management based on the characteristics of smart warehouses, including the perspectives of information interconnection, equipment automation, process integration, and environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review of relevant literature is then carried out based on the framework with four perspectives. This study could provide future research directions on smart warehouses for academia and industry practitioners.

Keywords smart warehouse operations management interconnection automation integration sustainability

Corresponding Author(s): Lu ZHEN

Just Accepted Date: 16 November 2021 Online First Date: 07 January 2022 Issue Date: 14 February 2022

Cite this article:

Lu ZHEN,Haolin LI. A literature review of smart warehouse operations management[J]. Front. Eng, 2022, 9(1): 31-55.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2022/V9/I1/31

Fig.1 RMFS with mixed shelves and picking station (accessed via amazonrobotics.com).

Fig.2 Smart warehouse of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. (accessed via tech.jschina.com.cn/jrsd/201812/t20181219_2118902.shtml).

Fig.3 The conceptual framework of a smart warehouse.

Tab.1 Summary of previous literature reviews

Tab.2 Keywords set

Fig.4 Number of publications with keywords related to smart warehouse.

Fig.5 Clusters of keywords co-occurrence (2010–2014).

Fig.6 Clusters of keywords co-occurrence (2015–2020).

Category	Article	Level			Warehouse system	Decision problem	Topics	Method
Category	Article	Strategic	Tactical	Operational	Warehouse system	Decision problem	Topics	TM	QN	MP	AL	SI
Movement characteristics	Yang et al. (2015b)	√			Compact AS/RS	Rack design	Acceleration and deceleration of S/R machine	√
	Wang et al. (2015)	√		√	SBS/RS	Task scheduling	Movement characteristics of shuttles and lifts	√	√		GA
	Lamballais et al. (2017)	√			RMFS	Performance evaluation	Realistic robot movement	√	√
Command cycle	Xu et al. (2015)	√			AS/RS	Travel time models	Quadruple command cycle	√
	Salah et al. (2017)	√			Wire-driven robots	Travel time models	DC for random and class-based storage	√				√
	Lerher (2018)	√			AVS/RS	Travel time models	DC	√				√
	Liu et al. (2018)	√			Split-platform AS/RS	Travel time models	DC with a dedicated lift per rack and a dedicated lift per job type	√				√
Battery management of robots and AGVs	Zou et al. (2018b)		√		RMFS	Battery recovery method evaluation	Battery charging and swapping	√	√			√
	Kabir and Suzuki (2018)		√		AGV	System flexibility and battery management	AGVs battery management					√
	Cheng et al. (2021)		√		Mobile robots	Scheduling of mobile chargers	Mobile chargers, robot charging strategy	√	√		HA	√
Handling speed	Zou et al. (2017)		√		RMFS	Assignment rule of workstations to robots	Handling speeds of workstations	√	√		NS	√
Storage assignment	Guo et al. (2016)	√	√		Forklift warehouse	Impact of storage space on storage policy	Storage policies	√			DP
	Ramtin and Pazour (2015)	√	√		AS/RS	Product to pick position assignments	Demand curves of products	√			HA	√
	Pan et al. (2015)		√		Pick-and-pass systems	Storage space assignment	Workload balance of each picking zone				GA	√
	Manzini et al. (2015)		√		Storage systems	Storage capacity, storage assignment, and optional subsystems selection	Product life cycle			√
	Yuan et al. (2019)		√		RMFS	Storage assignment	Velocity-based storage policy	√			HA	√
	Yu et al. (2015)	√	√		Warehousing system	Optimal number and boundaries of storage classes	Class-based storage	√			HA	√
	Zaerpour et al. (2017b)		√		Puzzle-based compact storage system	Configuration of two-class-based storage	Class-based storage			√	HA
	Zaerpour et al. (2017c)		√		Puzzle-based CS	Two-class-based storage assignment	Class-based storage	√
	Kress et al. (2017)		√		Storage systems	Stock Keeping Units partition problem	Dedicated storage			√	HA, BB
	Zaerpour et al. (2015)		√		Compact AS/RS	Storage assignment for fast retrieval	Shared storage			√	HA
	Zou et al. (2018a)		√		Robotic compact storage system	Evaluation of storage policies	Dedicated storage, shared storage	√	√			√
Order processing	Man et al. (2021)			√	AS/RS	S/R machine sequencing	Sequencing			√	ε, GA, HA
	Wang et al. (2020c)			√	SBS/RS	Retrieval task sequencing	Sequencing			√	AC, TS, SA
	Emde et al. (2020)			√	AS/RS	Single batching machine scheduling	Batching			√	BD
	Foumani et al. (2018)			√	Robotic AS/RS	Sequence of orders, sequence of items	Sequencing			√	CE
	Gagliardi et al. (2015)			√	AS/RS	Globally sequencing approaches	Sequencing				HA	√
	Nicolas et al. (2018)			√	Vertical lift modules	Order batching	Batching			√	SA, TS, GA
	Lenoble et al. (2021)			√	Carousels	Fixed and rolling batching	Batching	√		√	HA
	Xie et al. (2021)			√	RMFS	Assignment of pods and orders to picking stations	Splitting			√	HA	√
	Jiang et al. (2021)			√	AGV	Order batching and batch assignment	Splitting, batching			√	CG, HA
	Boywitz et al. (2019)			√	A-frame system	Replenishment problem and picking order sequencing	Replenishment, sequencing			√	GR, LS	√
	Jiang et al. (2020)			√	RMFS	Picking-replenishment synchronization	Replenishment			√	VNS	√
Retrieval location assignment and scheduling	Yang et al. (2015a)			√	SBS/RS	Joint location and sequence assignment	Location and sequence			√	TS
	Heshmati et al. (2019)			√	Crane-operated warehouse	Location assignment and multi-crane scheduling	Location and scheduling			√	HA
	Yang et al. (2015c)			√	SBS/RS	Location and sequence assignment	Location and sequence			√	VNS
	Boysen et al. (2017)			√	RMFS	Order batching and sequencing	Rack assignment and batching, sequencing			√	SA
	Weidinger et al. (2018)		√	√	RMFS	Storage assignment and rack parking optimization	Storage assignment, rack assignment			√	ALNS
	Gharehgozli and Zaerpour (2020)			√	RMFS	Robot scheduling with multiple locations of pods	Robot scheduling, rack assignment			√	ALNS
Resource allocation and differentiated service	Gong et al. (2021)			√	RMFS	Order fulfillment	Differentiated customer classes	Markov model
	He et al. (2018)		√	√	AGV	Storage assignment with differentiated probabilistic queueing strategy	Differentiated service policy	√	√		AM, SA
	Wauters et al. (2016)			√	Miniload AS/RS	Location assignment and storage and retrieval scheduling	Prioritized waiting time			√	HA
	Yuan and Gong (2017)		√	√	RMFS	Optimal number and the velocity of robots	Robots pooled strategy	√	√			√
	Roy et al. (2019)		√	√	RMFS	Comparison of dedicated and pooled zone assignment strategy	Robots pooled strategy	√	√			√
Blocking rearrangement	Lerher (2016)	√		√	SBS/RS	Travel time model	Rearrangement of blocking totes	√
	Xu et al. (2016)	√		√	AS/RS	Travel time model, optimal fill-grade factor decision	Rearrangement of blocking totes	√				√
	Chen et al. (2015)	√		√	Flow-rack AS/RS	Travel time model	Restorage of blocking unit-loads	√				√
	Boywitz and Boysen (2018)		√	√	CS	Robust storage assignments	Block prevention by storage assignment			√	LA	√
	Chen et al. (2016)		√	√	Flow-rack AS/RS	Retrieval sequencing	Block prevention by storage assignment			√	HA
Conflict-free routing	Roy et al. (2015b)	√		√	AVS/RS	Congestion effects evaluation	Estimation of congestion delay		√			√
	Zhang et al. (2018)			√	AGV	Collision-free routing	Collision classifications and solutions				PA
	Lee et al. (2020)			√	AGV	AGV scheduling in narrow aisle warehouses	Aisle access policies			√	NS
	Han and Yu (2020)			√	Robot	Diversified-path database-driven multi-robot path planning	Collision free path planning				PA
	Małopolski (2018)			√	AGV	Conflict-free operation	Collision and deadlock prevention				PA	√
	Thanos et al. (2019)		√	√	Vehicles	Dispatch and conflict-free routing with storage allocation	Conflict-free routing				HA
	Zhao et al. (2020b)			√	AGV	Dynamic resource reservation-based method for collision avoidance	Collision avoidance				HA
	Saidi-Mehrabad et al. (2015)			√	AGV	Job shop scheduling and conflict-free routing	Conflict-free routing			√	AC
	Digani et al. (2015)			√	AGV	Coordinating a fleet of AGVs	AGV coordination				HA
	Draganjac et al. (2016)			√	AGV	Decentralized control of AGV fleets	AGV coordination				HA
	Digani et al. (2019)			√	AGV	Centralized AGV control strategy	AGV coordination			√	HA	√
	Yoshitake et al. (2019)			√	RMFS	Real-time holonic scheduling	Holonic scheduling				HA	√
Sustainable warehouse strategic and tactical decision	Meneghetti and Monti (2015)	√			Refrigerated AS/RS	Rack configuration, surfaces, and volumes of the cold cell	Energy consumption			√
	Tappia et al. (2015)	√			AVS/RS, AS/RS	Comparison of automated warehousing system	Energy consumption	√
	Gružauskas et al. (2018)	√			Autonomous vehicles	Energy and economic impact of autonomous vehicles	Energy consumption					√
	Yetkin Ekren et al. (2018)	√			SBS/RS	Time, variance, and energy-related performance estimations	Energy consumption and regeneration	√				√
	Yetkin Ekren (2021)	√			AVS/RS	Optimization of system design	Energy consumption and regeneration	√				√
	Zaerpour et al. (2017a)	√			Puzzle-based CS	System evaluation and optimization	Energy consumption	√				√
	Li et al. (2020)		√		RMFS	Storage assignment	Energy consumption	√				√
	Roozbeh Nia et al. (2017)			√	AS/RS	Dynamic sequencing of storage and retrieval	Carbon emission	√			GA
	Ene et al. (2016)			√	Picker-to-part warehouse	Batching and picking optimization	Energy consumption				GA
	Habibi Tostani et al. (2020)			√	AS/RS	Crane scheduling	Energy consumption			√	CC
	Hahn-Woernle and Gunthner (2018)			√	AS/RS	Power-load management and its impact	Power-load management					√
	Basso et al. (2019)			√	Electric vehicles	Vehicle scheduling	Battery charging, electricity price			√	GR

Tab.3 Summary of the reviewed literature

Fig.7 A typical AS/RS (accessed via daifuku-logisticssolutions.com/en/product/asrs/index.html).

Fig.8 AGV-assisted order picking (accessed via directindustry.com/prod/crown/product-9227-1769803.html).

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