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Frontiers of Earth Science

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Front. Earth Sci.    2022, Vol. 16 Issue (3) : 774-785    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0933-6
Research Article
Seasonal variations of leaf wax n-alkane distributions and δ2H values in peat-forming vascular plants from the Dajiuhu peatland, central China
Jiantao XUE1(), Xueying ZHANG1, Jinzhi LI1, Zhiqi ZHANG2, Huaiying YAO1,3
1. Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
2. Administration of Dajiuhu National Wetland Park of Shennongjia, Shennongjia 442417, China
3. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Abstract

Leaf wax n-alkane compositions have been widely applied to reconstruct paleoclimate histories in peat deposits, yet understanding of how the n-alkanes vary during seasonal plant growth remains limited. Here we report variations in the molecular and wax-derived n-alkane hydrogen isotope (δ2Halk) in the three dominant vascular plant species (Sanguisorba officinalis, Carex argyi, Euphorbia esula) and surface peat deposits nearby from the Dajiuhu peatland over a growing season. All three species show a relatively high carbon preference index (CPI) in the beginning of the growing season, with the CPI values reaching as high as 50 in two of the three species. Two species (S. officinalis, E. esula) display relatively stable average chain length (ACL) values over the four sampling intervals, with standard derivations of 0.2–0.3. In contrast, C. argyi exhibits a significant fluctuation of ACL values (averaging 28.1±1.4) over the growing season. The δ2Halk in all three species decreased during leaf growth. In the final stage of growth, the δ2Halk values of the three species are similar to those in the surface peats collected from the peatland. Combining the results of our measurements of alkane concentration and δ2H values, it is likely that de novo synthesis of leaf wax n-alkanes in the peat-forming plant species is mainly at the early stage of leaf development. In the following months, the removal process exceeds renewal, resulting in a general decrease of the concentration of the total n-alkanes and the integrated δ2Halk values. Thus the δ2Halk values probably integrate the environmental variations at the end of the plant growth period rather than the whole period or the early growth period. These results are significant and have the potential to improve the utility of δ2Halk values in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
Keywords peat-forming vascular plants      n-alkanes      δ2H ratio      seasonal variations      central China     
Corresponding Author(s): Jiantao XUE   
Online First Date: 17 March 2022    Issue Date: 29 December 2022
 Cite this article:   
Jiantao XUE,Xueying ZHANG,Jinzhi LI, et al. Seasonal variations of leaf wax n-alkane distributions and δ2H values in peat-forming vascular plants from the Dajiuhu peatland, central China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2022, 16(3): 774-785.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-021-0933-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2022/V16/I3/774
Fig.1  (a) Image of the Dajiuhu peatland (downloaded from Google Earth); (b) live action photo taken on dajiuhu peatland; (c), (d), and (e) pictures of plants downloaded from the internet.
Fig.2  (a) Monthly mean precipitation (MMP) and (b) mean air temperature (MAT) in Dajiuhu National Wetland Park during 2010.
Sanguisorba officinalis Euphorbia esula Carex argyi
May July September November May July September November May July September November
n-C23 0.8 0.7 1.9 2.6 3 2.5 0.1 4 8.7 4.3 8.4 0.8
n-C24 0.4 0.7 2.7 1.7 0.4 0.8 0.2 2.3 1.9 0.8 2.3 0.1
n-C25 4.4 3.9 7 9.7 27.6 16.9 1.4 28.1 26.5 8.7 32.9 1.2
n-C26 1.1 1.3 6.8 3.4 2 4.5 1.5 17.6 2 0.8 1.2 0.2
n-C27 16.7 10.7 21.6 48.9 80.4 50.5 4.1 117 44.7 9.7 8.1 2.8
n-C28 0.9 7.6 9.1 4 0.4 6.5 2.1 33.4 2.5 1.1 0.5 0.5
n-C29 53 22.5 23.3 56.2 20 28.6 3.3 94.3 53.1 21 9 9.7
n-C30 1.7 4.3 4.7 9.2 0.6 2.4 0.6 11.1 1.8 1.4 0.3 0.7
n-C31 253.1 114 75.6 225.9 62.5 69.7 2.8 92.1 26.7 14 6.9 11.2
n-C32 8.5 7.3 5.1 13.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 2.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5
n-C33 533.9 303.9 188.5 644.4 40.7 34.4 1.5 51.5 3.5 3.3 2.5 3.5
CPI 47.2 14.3 7.8 21 51.2 12.2 2.8 5.4 17.6 12.3 13.5 13
ACL 32 32.1 31.6 31.9 29 29.5 28.8 29.1 27.9 28.4 26.4 29.7
δ2H27 –159(5) –174(1) –182(2) –206(6) –171(2) –191(0) –229(2) –211(2) –176(2) –210(2) –195(7) –242(0)
δ2H29 –149(3) –189(0) –184(4) –204(1) –171(5) –186(1) –218(2) –221(0) –194(2) –201(3) –208(4) –221(0)
δ2H31 –131(3) –179(4) –179(2) –217(1) –177(1) –191(0) –212(0) –216(1) –151(3) –194(3) –189(8) –217(2)
Tab.1  The concentration (μg/g dry weight), CPI, ACL values, and δ2Halk values (‰; standard deviation at least duplicate analyses shown in the parentheses) of leaf wax n-alkanes in the peat-forming plants collected from the Dajiuhu peatland at May, July, September, and November 2010
Fig.3  (a) Variations of the total concentration (µg/g dry weight) and (b) CPI and (c) ACL values of the plant leaves and surface peat deposits over the sampling period in the Dajiuhu peatland.
Source water Surface peat deposit
δ2Hsw/‰ STD##δHsw n### CPI STD##CPI ACL STD##ACL δ2H27/‰ STD##δH27 δ2H29/‰ STD##δH29 δ2H31/‰ STD##δH31 n###
May# –29.4 9.5 15 6.1 0.8 29.9 0.9 –207 13.6 –204 8.9 –201 10.2 8
July –43.7 9.6 26 5.8 1.0 29 1.0 –196 12.9 –199 13.9 –194 11.7 8
September –72.4 5.1 26 5.3 0.9 29.2 0.8 –211 13.2 –208 9.1 –202 9.8 9
November –72.7 3.7 26 5.2 1.0 29.3 1.0 –210 6.5 –200 16.7 –201 13.0 7
Tab.2  The δ2H values of peat source water (δ2Hsw) and surface peat deposits n-alkanes (δ2H27, δ2H29, δ2H31) collected from the Dajiuhu peatland at May, July, September, and November 2014
Fig.4  Seasonal variations of δ2H values of n-C27, n-C29, and n-C31 alkanes in the leaves of three plant species during 2010 and August 2017 (Huang et al., 2018a) and surface peat deposits during 2014.
Sanguisorba officinalis Euphorbia esula Carex argyi Surface peat deposit Source water
δ2H27 δ2H29 δ2H31 δ2H27 δ2H29 δ2H31 δ2H27 δ2H29 δ2H31 δ2H27 δ2H29 δ2H31 δ2Hsw
MAT r 0.69 0.33 0.50 0.14 0.47 0.46 0.62 0.71 0.42 0.61 -0.22 0.55 0.42
p 0.31 0.69 0.50 0.86 0.53 0.54 0.38 0.29 0.52 0.34 0.78 0.45 0.58
MMP r 0.96 0.73 0.85 0.56 0.81 0.82 0.85 0.97 0.78 0.55 -0.21 0.41 0.78
p 0.04 0.27 0.15 0.44 0.19 0.18 0.15 0.03 0.21 0.45 0.79 0.59 0.22
Sanguisorba officinalis Euphorbia esula Carex argyi Surface peat deposit
ε27/sw ε29/sw ε31/sw ε27/sw ε29/sw ε31/sw ε27/sw ε29/sw ε31/sw ε27/sw ε29/sw ε31/sw
MAT r 0.59 0.01 0.46 –0.45 0.59 0.48 0.46 0.08 0.24 –0.15 –0.22 –0.13
p 0.41 0.99 0.54 –0.56 0.41 0.52 0.54 0.92 0.77 0.42 0.22 0.48
MMP r 0.41 0.18 0.69 0.06 0.89 0.46 0.44 –0.31 0.43 –0.52 –0.59 –0.52
p 0.59 0.82 0.31 0.94 0.11 0.55 0.56 0.69 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tab.3  The correlation efficiency between the δ2Hsw, δ2Halk, εalk/sw, and environmental factors (MAT and MMP)
  Seasonal variations of εalk/sw in the leaves of three plant species during 2010 and August 2017 (Huang et al., 2018a) and surface peat deposits during 2014.
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