Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar

doi:10.1007/s11783-015-0769-y

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (6) : 1066-1075 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-015-0769-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar

Fenglin LIU,Jiane ZUO(

),Tong CHI,Pei WANG,Bo YANG

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

Iron-modified corn straw biochar was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from agricultural runoff. When agricultural runoffs with a total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 1.86 mg·L⁻¹ to 2.47 mg·L⁻¹ were filtered at a hydraulic retention time of 2 h through a filtration column packed with the modified biochar, a TP removal efficiency of over 99% and an effluent TP concentration of less than 0.02 mg·L⁻¹ were achieved. The isotherms of the phosphorus adsorption by the modified biochar fitted the Freundlich equation better than the Langmuir equation. The mechanism of the phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar was analyzed by using various technologies, i.e. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the surface of the modified biochar was covered by small iron granules, which were identified as Fe₃O₄. The results also showed that new iron oxides were formed on the surface of the modified biochar after the adsorption of phosphorus. Moreover, new bonds of Fe-O-P and P-C were found, which suggested that the new iron oxides tend to be Fe₅(PO₄)₄(OH)₃. Aside from removing phosphorus, adding the modified biochar into soil also improved soil productivity. When the modified biochar-to-soil rate was 5%, the stem, root, and bean of broad bean plants demonstrated increased growth rates of 91%, 64%, and 165%, respectively.

Keywords iron-modified biochar phosphorus removal agricultural waste agricultural runoff

Corresponding Author(s): Jiane ZUO

Online First Date: 21 January 2015 Issue Date: 23 November 2015

Cite this article:

Fenglin LIU,Jiane ZUO,Tong CHI, et al. Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(6): 1066-1075.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-015-0769-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I6/1066

Tab.1 Actual agricultural runoff before and after adsorption by the modified biochar

Fig.1 Removal efficiencies and equilibrium concentrations of phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochars prepared under different (a) pyrolysis temperatures, (b) pyrolysis durations, (c) immersion times, and (d) ferrous concentrations

Fig.2 The effect of different reaction temperatures (a) and different reaction pH (b) on phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar

Fig.3 Adsorption isotherms of the (a) Freundlich and (b) Langmuir equations for phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar

Tab.2 Adsorption constants for the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models

Fig.4 Effect of the modified biochar on plant productivity (the height of broad bean (a), the weight of broad bean (b))

Fig.5 SEM images of (a) raw straw and (b) modified biochar; (c) SE and (d) BSE images of the modified biochar; and (e, f) EDS analysis of IB400

Fig.6 (a) XPS spectra of the entire scanned region of the modified biochar before and after adsorbing phosphorus, (b) XPS spectra of Fe2p in the modified biochar before and after adsorbing phosphorus, (c) FTIR spectra of corn straw in the modified biochar before and after adsorbing phosphorus, and (d) XRD patterns of corn straw in the modified biochar before and after adsorbing phosphorus

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