Pollution and biodegradation of hexabromocyclododecanes: A review

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1190-8

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (1) : 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1190-8

REVIEW ARTICLE

Pollution and biodegradation of hexabromocyclododecanes: A review

Ling Huang, Syed Bilal Shah, Haiyang Hu, Ping Xu, Hongzhi Tang(

)

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

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Abstract

• Bioremediation is the most cost-effective approach for degradation of HBCDs.

• Bacteria or bacterial consortia are used in the cases of bio-augmentation.

• Microbes combined with phytoremediation increase the remediation efficiency.

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are the most common brominated flame-retardants after polybrominated diphenyl ethers. HBCDs can induce cancer by causing inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome. Environmental contamination with HBCDs has been detected globally, with concentrations ranging from ng to mg. Methods to degrade HBCDs include physicochemical methods, bioremediation, and phytoremediation. The photodegradation of HBCDs using simulated sunlight or ultraviolet lamps, or chemical catalysts are inefficient and expensive, as is physicochemical degradation. Consequently, bioremediation is considered as the most cost-effective and clean approach. To date, five bacterial strains capable of degrading HBCDs have been isolated and identified: Pseudomonas sp. HB01, Bacillus sp. HBCD-sjtu, Achromobacter sp. HBCD-1, Achromobacter sp. HBCD-2, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS9. The molecular mechanisms of biodegradation of HBCDs are discussed in this review. New microbial resources should be explored to increase the resource library in order to identify more HBCD-degrading microbes and functional genes. Synthetic biology methods may be exploited to accelerate the biodegradation capability of existing bacteria, including modification of the degrading strains or functional enzymes, and artificial construction of the degradation microflora. The most potentially useful method is combining micro-degradation with physicochemical methods and phytoremediation. For example, exogenous microorganisms might be used to stimulate the adsorption capability of plants for HBCDs, or to utilize an interaction between exogenous microorganisms and rhizosphere microorganisms to form a new rhizosphere microbial community to enhance the biodegradation and absorption of HBCDs.

Keywords Hexabromocyclododecane Biodegradation Bioremediation Phytoremediation Bacterium

Corresponding Author(s): Hongzhi Tang

Issue Date: 14 November 2019

Cite this article:

Ling Huang,Syed Bilal Shah,Haiyang Hu, et al. Pollution and biodegradation of hexabromocyclododecanes: A review[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(1): 11.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1190-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2020/V14/I1/11

Fig.1 Schematic representation of the most wildly used three enantiomeric diastereomers of 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane.

Fig.2 Proposed process of HBCDs toxicity to human, via dermal absorption, absorption from food, hormonal disruption, and induced cancer.

Fig.3 Mechanisms of HBCDs degradation. (a) Physicochemical methods for HBCDs degradation; (b) A direct removal of a bromide ion progress; (c) A complex progress of debrominating and hydroxylating.

Fig.4 Phytoremediation and bio-stimulation mechanism of HBCDs in soil.

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