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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (2) : 28    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1320-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distribution pipeline driven by water source switching
Yue Hu1,2, Ding Dong3, Kun Wan4, Chao Chen5, Xin Yu1,4, Huirong Lin6()
1. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China
4. College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
5. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
6. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Abstract

• Bacterial release from aged pipe sections under extreme conditions was quantified.

• Released bacterial community structure exhibited large variation after transition.

• Risks from transition reduced significantly with cleaner source.

As a result of pollution in the present water sources, cities have been forced to utilize cleaner water sources. There are few reports regarding the potential shift of bacterial community structure driven by water source switching, especially that of corrosion-related bacteria. Three types of finished water were used for simulation, the polluted source water from the Qiantang and Dongtiaoxi Rivers (China) was replaced by cleaner water from Qiandao Lake (China). Here, we discussed the transition effects through three simulated reactors. The bacterial characteristics were identified using the high-throughput sequencing and heterotrophic plate count method. It was observed that the level of culturable bacteria declined by 2–3 orders of magnitude after water source switching. The bacterial community released from the pipeline reactor was significantly different under different finished water, and it exhibited large variation at the genus level. Porphyrobacter (58.2%) and Phreatobacter (14.5%) clearly replaced Novosphingobium, Aquabacterium, and Cupriavidus as new dominant genera in system A, which could be attributed to the lower carbon and nitrogen content of the new water source. Although corrosion-inhibiting bacteria decreased after switching, they still maintained dominant in three reactors (6.6%, 15.9%, and 19.7%). Furthermore, potential opportunistic pathogens such as Sphingomonas were detected. Our study shows that after transition to a high quality water source, the total culturable bacteria released was in a downtrend, which leads to a great reduction in the risk of bacterial leakage in the produced drinking water.
Keywords Drinking water biosafety      Water source switching      Drinking water distribution system      Transition effects      High-throughput sequencing     
Corresponding Author(s): Huirong Lin   
Issue Date: 09 September 2020
 Cite this article:   
Yue Hu,Ding Dong,Kun Wan, et al. Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distribution pipeline driven by water source switching[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 28.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1320-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I2/28
Fig.1  Schematic diagram (a) and real diagram (b) of the bench-scale pipe section reactor.
Pipe ID Original water source Stage Water type Duration
Pipe A SW1 I
II
III
IV		 100% SW1
50% SW1+ 50% SW3
80% SW1+ 20% SW3
100% SW3		 1–18 d
19–29 d
30–37 d
38–44 d
Pipe B SW2 I
II
III
IV		 100% SW2
50% SW2+ 50% SW3
80% SW2+ 20% SW3
100% SW3		 1–18 d
19–29 d
30–37 d
38–44 d
Pipe C SW1 I
II
III
IV		 100% SW1
50% SW1+ 50% SW3
80% SW1+ 20% SW3
100% SW3		 1–29 d
30–37 d
38–45 d
46–58 d
Tab.1  Experimental setup and operational scheme of the reactors
Parameters DWTP1 DWTP2 DWTP3
Water source SW1
(river water)		 SW2
(river water)		 SW3
(reservoir water)
pH 7.3±0.15 7.08±0.07 7.56±0.15
Turbidity (NTU) 0.15±0.01 0.12±0.00 0.16±0.02
DO (mg/L) 10.8±0.21 10.56±0.20 9.58±0.33
TOC (mg/L) 1.2±0.12 1.11±0.09 0.64±0.02
NH4+ (mg/L) 0.25±0.01 0.17±0.21 0.09±0.02
Conductivity (mS/cm) 244±5.29 272±5.30 –
Cl− (mg/L) 30.3±0.83 18.1±0.40 6.6±0.38
SO42− (mg/L) 25.4±1.05 34.1±0.64 9.5±0.5
Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) 55±3.61 56±2.60 45±2.08
Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 66±2.31 94±5.03 –
Larson ratio 1.26±0.04 1.09±0.10 0.43±0.04
Free chlorine (mg/L Cl2) 0.83±0.01 0.84±0.01 0.18±0.01
HPC (CFU/mL using NA) 0±0.00 0±0.00 38±4.35
HPC (CFU/mL using R2A) 0±0.00 1±0.00 430±52.92
IOB (CFU/mL) 0±0.00 0±0.00 9.7±2.08
SOB (CFU/mL) 0±0.00 0±0.00 10.7±1.15
Tab.2  Main finished water quality parameters of DWTPs
Fig.2  Changes in culturable bacteria of effluent (a: system A; b: system B; c: system C; d: comparison diagram).
Sample Raw reads Reads_qc Effectiveness (%) Shannon index Observed species
A1 84723 80127 94.58 3.62 111
A2 84241 80187 95.19 3.32 123
A3 75760 72819 96.12 2.75 136
A4 57792 53426 92.45 3.05 140
B1 87078 80098 91.98 4.05 118
B2 86162 80135 93.01 2.71 106
B3 86262 80052 92.8 2.50 122
B4 50289 44755 89 2.53 108
C1 71408 65321 91.48 3.07 124
C2 88011 80149 91.07 3.62 146
C3 65613 62947 95.94 3.62 124
C4 85548 77107 90.13 3.85 142
Tab.3  Results of sequencing and the diversity parameters during different stages of water source switching
Fig.3  Taxonomic classification of the 16S rRNA gene sequences (a: at the class level; b: at the genus level).
Fig.4  Relative abundance of possible corrosion-related bacteria of effluent samples.
Fig.5  Relative abundance of some potential opportunistic pathogens in genus level.
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